Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• mice are born at normal ratios and are responsive to touch; however, all mice die from asphyxiation caused by upper airway obstruction within an hr of birth
• tracheostomy results in recovery from cyanosis and restoration of viability prior to humane euthanasia
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homeostasis/metabolism
respiratory system
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• at P0, the upper airway is constricted/obstructed, unlike in control mice
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craniofacial
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• at P0, the angular processes of the mandibles are severely hypoplastic
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• at P0, the condular processes of the mandibles are severely hypoplastic
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• at P0, the coronoid processes of the mandibles are severely hypoplastic
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• at P0, the mandible is markedly shorter
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• neonatal skulls display several defective or missing craniofacial structures
• defects in craniofacial development are observed as early as E13.5
• however, no obvious changes are observed in proliferation or apoptosis at E9.5 or E10.5
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• at E16.5, embryos exhibit a hypoplastic Meckels cartilage; hypoplasia is already evident at E13.5, i.e. prior to the onset of ossification
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• at E9.5, expression of Dlx5, Dlx6, and Hand2 is almost completely absent in the first and second branchial arches relative to control embryos
• however, Prx1 expression is normal, indicating that overall branchial arch development is not defective at E9.5
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cleft palate
(
J:122483
)
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• all newborns exhibit a posterior cleft of the palate
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glossoptosis
(
J:122483
)
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• all newborns exhibit defective positioning of the tongue near the back of the oral cavity, unlike control mice
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skeleton
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• at E16.5, embryos exhibit a hypoplastic Meckels cartilage; hypoplasia is already evident at E13.5, i.e. prior to the onset of ossification
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• at P0, the angular processes of the mandibles are severely hypoplastic
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• at P0, the condular processes of the mandibles are severely hypoplastic
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• at P0, the coronoid processes of the mandibles are severely hypoplastic
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• at P0, the mandible is markedly shorter
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• at E16.5, embryos exhibit a hypoplastic Meckels cartilage and delayed ossification in the mandible and maxilla relative to control mice
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growth/size/body
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• all newborns exhibit misshapen heads
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• at P0, the angular processes of the mandibles are severely hypoplastic
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• at P0, the condular processes of the mandibles are severely hypoplastic
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• at P0, the coronoid processes of the mandibles are severely hypoplastic
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• at P0, the mandible is markedly shorter
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cleft palate
(
J:122483
)
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• all newborns exhibit a posterior cleft of the palate
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glossoptosis
(
J:122483
)
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• all newborns exhibit defective positioning of the tongue near the back of the oral cavity, unlike control mice
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pigmentation
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• embryos show reduced expression of the melanocyte markers Pmel17, Mitf and Dct in multiple regions during embryonic/fetal development
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• newborn mice show a significant reduction in the number of DOPA-stained follicular and interfollicular melanocytes in the dermis relative to control mice
• few remaining dermal melanocytes have significantly fewer melanosomes than melanocytes in control mice
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• newborn mice exhibit significantly fewer DOPA-stained follicular melanocytes in the epidermis than control mice
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• mice exhibit significant loss of pigmentation at birth
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• DOPA staining of neonatal skin tissue shows a significant reduction in the number of melanocytes in epidermis and dermis relative to control mice
• in neonatal epidermis, the number of DOPA-stained melanocytes is reduced by 87% relative to control mice
• at E12.5, embryos show only 69% as many Dct-labeled melanocytes in the interlimb region as control embryos
• however, no differences in TUNEL staining or in BrdU incorporation are noted from E11.5 to E18.5
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• newborn mice exhibit a 65% reduction in the number of melanosomes in dermal melanocytes relative to control mice
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integument
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• newborn mice show a significant reduction in the number of DOPA-stained follicular and interfollicular melanocytes in the dermis relative to control mice
• few remaining dermal melanocytes have significantly fewer melanosomes than melanocytes in control mice
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• newborn mice exhibit significantly fewer DOPA-stained follicular melanocytes in the epidermis than control mice
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• mice exhibit significant loss of pigmentation at birth
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hearing/vestibular/ear
digestive/alimentary system
cleft palate
(
J:122483
)
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• all newborns exhibit a posterior cleft of the palate
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glossoptosis
(
J:122483
)
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• all newborns exhibit defective positioning of the tongue near the back of the oral cavity, unlike control mice
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cellular
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• embryos show reduced expression of the melanocyte markers Pmel17, Mitf and Dct in multiple regions during embryonic/fetal development
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embryo
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• at E9.5, expression of Dlx5, Dlx6, and Hand2 is almost completely absent in the first and second branchial arches relative to control embryos
• however, Prx1 expression is normal, indicating that overall branchial arch development is not defective at E9.5
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nervous system
| N |
• no obvious defects in peripheral or enteric innervation are detected at birth
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