behavior/neurological
• males spend more time in the center of the open field than wild-type males; no differences are observed with females of either genotype
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• in the Morris water maze probe test, females show significant impairment relative to controls; males show no difference
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• males spend more time in the open center of the elevated plus maze compared to wild-type males; no differences are observed in female mutants or controls
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• males and females exhibit significantly increased locomotor activity
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• mice show less nest building behavior than wild-type during a 3 day observation period
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• mutant males show decreased social interactions relative to wild-type with lower total number and duration of interactions with unfamiliar mice; females show no significant differences from wild-type
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nervous system
• cholinergic and glutamatergic fibers from the medial habenula nucleus are disordered in males and females; immunolabeling shows irregular tracts in the interpeduncular nucleus
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