embryo
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• partial unilateral absence of pleuropericardial membranes in the hilus region resulting in pleural and pericardial cavities that are not separated at E14.5
• pleuropericardial membrane development is disturbed in embryos such that sinuatrial mesenchymal ridges form but they fail to fuse with the lining of the dorsal body wall or the mesothelial lining of the lung hilus
• pericardioperitoneal canals are not closed at E14.5
• slight, but significant, increase in proliferation is seen in the sinuatrial ridges at E12.5
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