mortality/aging
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• mutants survive for a shorter period of time than either single mutant, with some mutants dying by 6 months of age
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• 60% of mutants exhibit increased signs of aging, developing severe degenerative disc disease of the spine between 6 and 18 months of age
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neoplasm
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• about 30% of mutants develop metastatic tumors
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• tumors undergo loss of heterozygosity
• 50% of mutant mice have multiple tumors of the same or distinct types
|
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• salivary adenoma
|
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• mutants that die by 6 months of age develop thymic lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, or myelogenous leukemia
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• mutants that die by 6 months of age develop myelogenous leukemia, thymic lymphoma, or hemangiosarcoma
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• mice that die between 6 and 12 months of age most frequently develop carcinomas
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• mutants that die by 6 months of age develop hemangiosarcoma, myelogenous leukemia, or thymic lymphoma
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skeleton
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• 60% of mutants develop severe degenerative disc disease of the spine between 6 and 18 months of age
• degenerative disc disease is consistent with spondylosis and is most frequent in the cervical and thoracic region
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behavior/neurological
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• in 10% of mutants, degenerative disc disease is so severe, it results in partial paralysis
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• salivary adenoma
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• mutants that die by 6 months of age develop thymic lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, or myelogenous leukemia
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respiratory system
integument
digestive/alimentary system
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• salivary adenoma
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hematopoietic system
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• mutants that die by 6 months of age develop thymic lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, or myelogenous leukemia
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immune system
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• mutants that die by 6 months of age develop thymic lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, or myelogenous leukemia
|
craniofacial
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• salivary adenoma
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growth/size/body
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• salivary adenoma
|


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