Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
limbs/digits/tail
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• a reduction in the amount of mesenchyme in the preaxial area of the foot plate is observed by E13
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• ulnar end of the hamatum articulates with metacarpal 4, but does not reach metacarpal 5
• metacarpal 5 is in a fixed state of abduction
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• extensive fusions in carpus
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• digit loss arises by fusion of digits 2 and 3, however, digit 2 is often thinner than normal and may vanish without fusion to digit 3
(J:12942)
• digits 2 and 3 are typically involved
(J:13049)
• different digits in the same foot can be both polydactylous and oligodactylous
(J:13049)
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polydactyly
(
J:13049
)
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• exhibited in the hindfeet of some animals
• different digits in the same foot can be both polydactylous and oligodactylous
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• hard tissue fusions start at the basal phalanges and spread distally
(J:12942)
• all fusions between metacarpal and metatarsals are secondary
(J:12942)
• all four feet are affected, although the forefeet are less severely affected than the hindfeet
(J:13049)
• syndactylism primarily involves digits 2 and 3
(J:13049)
• nearly all animals exhibit osseous fusions of the bases of metacarpalia or metatarsalia 4 and 5
(J:13049)
• some animals exhibit fusion of metatarsalia 1 and 2
(J:13049)
• most fusions are secondary, only a few of the fusions are primary hard tissue in both embryo and adult
(J:13049)
• in the tarsus, only the cuneiforme 3 and cuboideum fusion is primary
(J:13049)
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• exhibited in some animals
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• long axis of calcaneus and metararsalia are not parallel, as a result hindfeet point outward
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• calcaneus frequently lacks process trochlearis
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• naviculare is narrow as compared to wildtype
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• extensive and varied fusions in tarsus, which includes a solid fusion between talus and calcaneus
• fusion occurs between the naviculare and a composite of cuneiforme 3 and cuboideum in all animals
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• beginning at E11 the preaxial border of the foot plate is flattened, displaying an ovoid rather than circular outline
• blastemata are crowded and small
• interdigital area between digits 2 and 3 is reduced by E13
• in most cases, digit 2 is formed closer to and may fuse to digit 3
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skeleton
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• ulnar end of the hamatum articulates with metacarpal 4, but does not reach metacarpal 5
• metacarpal 5 is in a fixed state of abduction
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• extensive fusions in carpus
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• long axis of calcaneus and metararsalia are not parallel, as a result hindfeet point outward
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• calcaneus frequently lacks process trochlearis
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• naviculare is narrow as compared to wildtype
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• extensive and varied fusions in tarsus, which includes a solid fusion between talus and calcaneus
• fusion occurs between the naviculare and a composite of cuneiforme 3 and cuboideum in all animals
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embryo
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• at E14 projections of digits 2 and 3 at the edge of the foot plate are closer together than wildtype and there is only a single basal phalanx common to both digits
• at E14-5 cuneiforme 3 and cuboideum have fused to a single element and are elongated in a diagonal direction rather than circular
• at E16 metacarpalia 4 and 5 are fused
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• a reduction in the amount of mesenchyme in the preaxial area of the foot plate is observed by E13
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