mortality/aging
• 36% die suddenly by 12 weeks of age and only 48% survive to 6 months of age
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cardiovascular system
• cardiomyocytes have an increase in diameter and contain large, hyperchromatic nuclei
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• mutants exhibit a 3-fold increase in the heart weight-to-body weight ratio at 8 weeks of age but not in the neonatal time period
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• mutants surviving to 12 weeks of age show evidence of LV dilation
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• end-diastolic diameter and end-systolic diameter are increased and left ventricular fractional shortening and circumferential shortening velocity are decreased in mutants surviving to 12 seeks of age, indicating left ventricular systolic dysfunction
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• seen in mutants surviving to 12 weeks of age
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• hearts exhibit persistent myocyte cycling
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respiratory system
• 36% develop signs of respiratory distress
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homeostasis/metabolism
muscle
• cardiomyocytes have an increase in diameter and contain large, hyperchromatic nuclei
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• end-diastolic diameter and end-systolic diameter are increased and left ventricular fractional shortening and circumferential shortening velocity are decreased in mutants surviving to 12 seeks of age, indicating left ventricular systolic dysfunction
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growth/size/body
• mutants exhibit a 3-fold increase in the heart weight-to-body weight ratio at 8 weeks of age but not in the neonatal time period
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