mortality/aging
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• die between E11.5 and E14.5
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cardiovascular system
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• endocardial cushions within the outflow tract appear grossly reduced in size
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• in the atrioventricular canal, there is malalignment of the atrial septum, although the septum does meet the endocardial cushions in more distal areas
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• endocardial cushions are hypoplastic and fail to elongate and form atrioventricular valve primordia at E13.5
• at E12.5, cell proliferation within the endocardial cushion is reduced by 75%
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• defects in valve maturation
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• atrioventricular valve primordia do not form at E13.5
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• incomplete formation of the atrial septum
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• mutants exhibit increased blood pooling
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homeostasis/metabolism


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