mortality/aging
• mice die between 1 and 8 months of age, due to primary defect in mucosal immune function
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cellular
• after attachment to culture dishes, hepatocytes show relatively normal epithelial morphology but show wider cell-cell contacts and intracellular space compared to controls
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• after treatment with TGFbeta, cells show little or no apoptosis, compared to control or Smad2 conditional knockout cells
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