Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• some pups have died by P8-10 and none survive to weaning; time of death is variable with some dying within 1-2 days of birth, while some survive almost to weaning
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growth/size/body
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• maxillary incisors are often absent or underdeveloped
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• initiation of ectopic tooth buds is evident by E15.5
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absent teeth
(
J:114152
)
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• at time of death, animals are toothless
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• at E17.5-18.5 mutants display a patch of dark pigmentation on the forehead
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• external ears or pinnae are shriveled in appearance
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• external ears or pinnae are pigmented compared to littermates
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• by P8-10, mutant pups are considerably smaller than wild-type
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weight loss
(
J:114152
)
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• mutants start to lose weight from P10 onwards
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cellular
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• mutants show aberrant proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes leading to massive squamous metaplasia, rather than forming medullary or cortical thymic epithelial cells
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• in skin, proliferating cells are observed in cells in bulbs at base of hair cells and in bulb-like structures budding from outer root sheaths of existing hair follicles
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behavior/neurological
craniofacial
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• maxillary incisors are often absent or underdeveloped
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• initiation of ectopic tooth buds is evident by E15.5
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absent teeth
(
J:114152
)
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• at time of death, animals are toothless
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• at E17.5-18.5 mutants display a patch of dark pigmentation on the forehead
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• external ears or pinnae are shriveled in appearance
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• external ears or pinnae are pigmented compared to littermates
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• hyperplasia in salivary gland squamous epithelium is observed
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• at P12-17, thymi frequently contain black deposits within the tissue
• in more severely affected mutants, by P3, distinct thymic epithelial compartments are lost as well as most lymphocytes
• at P10-13, thymus consists of numerous enlarged Hassall's corpuscle-like structures surrounding large keratin deposits, and show large numbers of infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages in response to keratins
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• numerous enlarged Hassall's corpuscle-like structures surrounding large keratin deposits
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small thymus
(
J:114152
)
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• thymi are inconspicuous and small for pups' age; this is evident by P3
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• no thymocytes are detectable at P10-13
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• hyperplasia in squamous epithelium is observed
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digestive/alimentary system
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• hyperplasia in salivary gland squamous epithelium is observed
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• stomach is small at time of death, and contains no solid food
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pigmentation
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• at E17.5-18.5 mutants display patch of dark pigmentation on forehead and a dark median line running caudally from head to tail
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• at E17.5-18.5 mutants display a patch of dark pigmentation on the forehead
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• external ears or pinnae are pigmented compared to littermates
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hematopoietic system
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• at P12-17, thymi frequently contain black deposits within the tissue
• in more severely affected mutants, by P3, distinct thymic epithelial compartments are lost as well as most lymphocytes
• at P10-13, thymus consists of numerous enlarged Hassall's corpuscle-like structures surrounding large keratin deposits, and show large numbers of infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages in response to keratins
|
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• numerous enlarged Hassall's corpuscle-like structures surrounding large keratin deposits
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small thymus
(
J:114152
)
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• thymi are inconspicuous and small for pups' age; this is evident by P3
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• no thymocytes are detectable at P10-13
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immune system
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• at P12-17, thymi frequently contain black deposits within the tissue
• in more severely affected mutants, by P3, distinct thymic epithelial compartments are lost as well as most lymphocytes
• at P10-13, thymus consists of numerous enlarged Hassall's corpuscle-like structures surrounding large keratin deposits, and show large numbers of infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages in response to keratins
|
|
• numerous enlarged Hassall's corpuscle-like structures surrounding large keratin deposits
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small thymus
(
J:114152
)
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• thymi are inconspicuous and small for pups' age; this is evident by P3
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• no thymocytes are detectable at P10-13
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skeleton
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• maxillary incisors are often absent or underdeveloped
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• initiation of ectopic tooth buds is evident by E15.5
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absent teeth
(
J:114152
)
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• at time of death, animals are toothless
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vision/eye
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• hyperplasia in squamous epithelium of cornea occurs
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• by P17, animals hardly keep eyes open
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hearing/vestibular/ear
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• external ears or pinnae are shriveled in appearance
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• external ears or pinnae are pigmented compared to littermates
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integument
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• mutants show aberrant proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes leading to massive squamous metaplasia, rather than forming medullary or cortical thymic epithelial cells
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• at ~P8, mutants are hairless while normal littermates have a smooth thin coat
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short hair
(
J:114152
)
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• around P10-12, mice display short, shaggy coats
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• at P3, follicles are often irregularly spaced and seen as disoriented and clamped invaginations that become more noticeable at P12
• clusters of dysplastic follicular structures are frequently observed throughout the epidermis, while other regions display gaps with no follicles
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• bulbs are often bent and irregularly angled to one another, with variable size and location
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• ectopic hair follicle morphogenesis is observed in epithelium of cornea, oral, salivary, and Harderian glands
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• at P12, some hair follicles are not properly formed or shorter than normal
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• around P10-12, mutants display short and misshapen vibrissae
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scaly skin
(
J:114152
)
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• ridged skin regions look scaly
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skin ridges
(
J:114152
)
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• at P17, development of thick ridges in the skin around the ears, eyelids, forehead, nose and paws becomes noticeable
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• mutants have wrinkled skin at P8
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• at E17.5-18.5 mutants display patch of dark pigmentation on forehead and a dark median line running caudally from head to tail
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• at E17.5-18.5 mutants display a patch of dark pigmentation on the forehead
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• external ears or pinnae are pigmented compared to littermates
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