embryo
• at E10.5, embryos show an abnormal pharynx lacking caudal arches
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• arch arteries are absent at E10.5
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craniofacial
• at E10.5, embryos show an abnormal pharynx lacking caudal arches
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• arch arteries are absent at E10.5
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cardiovascular system
• arch arteries are absent at E10.5
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• one fetus had double aortic arch with aortic dilation
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• PTA associated with the right or left aortic arch is observed at E18.5; in all affected mutants, PTA communicates solely with the right ventricle
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• a ventricular septal defect is observed
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• there is a loss of continuity between the mitral and semilunar valves
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