behavior/neurological
N |
• amphetamine-treated mice exhibit normal reductions in prepulse inhibition and startle reactivity
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• homozygotes are supersensitive to the locomotor-stimulating effects of ethanol (20% v/v) relative wild-type mice
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• homozygotes display a dose-dependent hypersensitivity to the locomotor-stimulating effects of cocaine and methamphetamine
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• unlike wild-type, catecholamine-depleted, akinetic-rendered homozygotes fail to exhibit a 40% suppression of apomorphine-induced locomotor activity in response to 0.6 mg/kg clozapine
• however, both genotypes of mice exhibit complete loss of apomorphine-induced locomotion in response to 6 mg/kg clozapine
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• in the open field test, homozygotes make fewer entries into the center, but do not differ in overall levels of activity relative to wild-type mice
• in the emergence test, homozygotes spend more time in the cylinder and make fewer entries into the cylinder relative to wild-type mice
• in the novel object test, homozygotes exhibit a smaller increase in % of time spent in the center after introduction of the cup relative to wild-type mice
• overall, homozygotes display the largest reductions in behavioral responses to novelty in the test that maximizes approach behaviors (novel object test), and the smallest reductions in the test that maximizes avoidance behavior (open field test)
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• homozygotes outperform their wild-type littermates on the rotarod, with 50% fewer falls and a 2.5-fold increase in the length of time remaining on the rotarod
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• homozygotes exhibit fewer rearing episodes in an open field environment relative to wild-type mice
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• homozygotes cover less horizontal distance, initiate fewer movements and spend less time in motion in an open field environment relative to wild-type mice
• female homozygotes appear to be slightly more active than males
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nervous system
N |
• amphetamine-treated mice exhibit normal reductions in prepulse inhibition and startle reactivity
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homeostasis/metabolism
• following DOPA decarboxylase inhibition, homozygotes accumulate more L-DOPA in the dorsal striatum-caudate putamen (CPU) relative to wild-type mice
• homozygotes exhibit elevated dopamine synthesis and its conversion to DOPAC in the dorsal striatum, as shown by a 93% increase of DOPAC content in CPU and a 1.9-fold increase in DOPAC/DA ratio relative to wild-type mice
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