digestive/alimentary system
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• decrease in both longitudinal and circular muscle contraction of the intestine in response to electric field stimulation
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nervous system
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• decrease in the number and cell size of small bowel and colon myenteric and submucosal neurons
• density of acetylcholinesterase-stained neuronal fibers in the myenteric plexus is reduced to a similar extent as in homozygous Nrtntm1Jmi mice
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• 70-95% reduction in substance P and VIP release
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muscle
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• decrease in both longitudinal and circular muscle contraction of the intestine in response to electric field stimulation
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