Analysis Tools
endocrine/exocrine glands
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• the mammary epithelium of virgin mice was hyperproliferative
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• the mutant mammary glands displayed enlarged terminal end buds due to aberrant ductal growth
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• the number of secondary ducts was increased, the ducts had wider lumens, and significantly larger amounts of extracellular matrix were deposited around the ducts
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• during pregnancy, loss of encoded protein perturbed the lobuloalveolar proliferation and differentiation, resulting in a large number of alveoli that were unable to secrete milk
• the presence of normal levels of milk protein transcripts in mutant mammary gland suggests that protein translation was perturbed in the mutant tissue
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growth/size/body
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• a high percentage of homozygous mutant mice failed to control their ear movement: one or sometimes both ears were curled back towards the body
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• homozygous mutant mice were viable but showed severe postnatal growth reduction
• adult homozygous mutant males were only about 10% smaller than wild-type mice, whereas females had a 35% lower body weight
• all organs were proportionally smaller in both sexes
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hearing/vestibular/ear
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• a high percentage of homozygous mutant mice failed to control their ear movement: one or sometimes both ears were curled back towards the body
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reproductive system
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• most homozygous mutant females were unable to give birth because developing blastocysts failed to implant into the uterine wall
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skeleton
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• bone formation and mineralization, chondrocyte proliferation, apoptosis, and the morphology of the growth plates in the tibia and metatarsus appeared normal; however, mutants exhibited lack of proper mineralization of the fibula bone and a narrow pelvis
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craniofacial
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• a high percentage of homozygous mutant mice failed to control their ear movement: one or sometimes both ears were curled back towards the body
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integument
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• the mammary epithelium of virgin mice was hyperproliferative
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• the mutant mammary glands displayed enlarged terminal end buds due to aberrant ductal growth
|
|
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• the number of secondary ducts was increased, the ducts had wider lumens, and significantly larger amounts of extracellular matrix were deposited around the ducts
|
|
|
• during pregnancy, loss of encoded protein perturbed the lobuloalveolar proliferation and differentiation, resulting in a large number of alveoli that were unable to secrete milk
• the presence of normal levels of milk protein transcripts in mutant mammary gland suggests that protein translation was perturbed in the mutant tissue
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cellular
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• the mammary epithelium of virgin mice was hyperproliferative
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