Analysis Tools
cardiovascular system
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• the branchial arch artery patterning abnormalities result in various types of great vessel malformations
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• at E12.0 - 12.5 and E13.0 - 13.5 the right dorsal aorta remains (5 out of 6 and 5 out of 5)
• at E13.0 the connection of the right dorsal aorta to the abdominal dorsal aorta persists
• in term embryos with abnormal regression of right arch artery 4 and normal regression of the right ductus caroticus, the right dorsal aorta persists and the right subclavian artery is missing or originates from the dorsal aorta
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• at E12.5 both right and left ductus caroticus remain in 100% and 83% of embryos respectively
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• in E11.5 embryos 50% (2/4) show enlargement of right arch artery 3 and relative narrowing of arch arteries 4 and 6
• this occurred more frequently on the right side (6 out of 8 than on the left 3 out of 8)
• at E12.0 - 12.5 and E13.0 - 13.5 right arch artery 4 shows signs of regression including decreased diameter and expression of a transgenic lacZ marker of arterial smooth muscle (4 out of 6 and 2 out of 5, respectively)
• between E11.5 and E13.5 the fourth arch arteries are diminished
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• in E11.5 embryos 50% (2/4) show enlargement of right arch artery 3 and relative narrowing of arch arteries 4 and 6
• this occurred more frequently on the right side (6 out of 8 than on the left 3 out of 8)
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• at E12.0 - 12.5 and E13.0 - 13.5 right arch artery 6 abnormally persists (4 out of 6 and 3 out of 5)
• at E13.0 in embryos where the right arch artery 4 regressed the right arch artery 6 persisted
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• in E11.5 embryos 50% (2/4) show enlargement of right arch artery 3 and relative narrowing of arch arteries 4 and 6
• this occurred more frequently on the right side (6 out of 8 than on the left 3 out of 8)
• at E12.0 - 12.5 right arch artery 3 is markedly enlarged in 2 out of 6 embryos
• at E12.5 arch arteries 3 become the dominant vessels bilaterally, accepting blood from the outflow tract
• at E12.5 the overall growth of arch arteries 3 toward the cranial direction is delayed
• at E12.5 the external carotid fails to branch off of arch arteries 3
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• the right subclavian artery is missing or has a cervical origin in term embryos as a result of abnormal regression of right arch artery 4
• in term embryos with abnormal regression of right arch artery 4 and normal regression of the right ductus caroticus, the right dorsal aorta persists and the right subclavian artery is missing or originates from the dorsal aorta
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• double aortic arch is found in term embryos when both the right and left arch arteries 4 abnormally regress or when left arch artery 6 abnormally regresses
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• at E13.0 some embryos have extra branches from the ascending aorta
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• other outflow tract abnormalities such as overriding aorta, double outlet right ventricle, and persistent truncus arteriosus are observed
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craniofacial
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• at E12.5 both right and left ductus caroticus remain in 100% and 83% of embryos respectively
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• in E11.5 embryos 50% (2/4) show enlargement of right arch artery 3 and relative narrowing of arch arteries 4 and 6
• this occurred more frequently on the right side (6 out of 8 than on the left 3 out of 8)
• at E12.0 - 12.5 and E13.0 - 13.5 right arch artery 4 shows signs of regression including decreased diameter and expression of a transgenic lacZ marker of arterial smooth muscle (4 out of 6 and 2 out of 5, respectively)
• between E11.5 and E13.5 the fourth arch arteries are diminished
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• in E11.5 embryos 50% (2/4) show enlargement of right arch artery 3 and relative narrowing of arch arteries 4 and 6
• this occurred more frequently on the right side (6 out of 8 than on the left 3 out of 8)
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• at E12.0 - 12.5 and E13.0 - 13.5 right arch artery 6 abnormally persists (4 out of 6 and 3 out of 5)
• at E13.0 in embryos where the right arch artery 4 regressed the right arch artery 6 persisted
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• in E11.5 embryos 50% (2/4) show enlargement of right arch artery 3 and relative narrowing of arch arteries 4 and 6
• this occurred more frequently on the right side (6 out of 8 than on the left 3 out of 8)
• at E12.0 - 12.5 right arch artery 3 is markedly enlarged in 2 out of 6 embryos
• at E12.5 arch arteries 3 become the dominant vessels bilaterally, accepting blood from the outflow tract
• at E12.5 the overall growth of arch arteries 3 toward the cranial direction is delayed
• at E12.5 the external carotid fails to branch off of arch arteries 3
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embryo
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• at E12.5 both right and left ductus caroticus remain in 100% and 83% of embryos respectively
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• in E11.5 embryos 50% (2/4) show enlargement of right arch artery 3 and relative narrowing of arch arteries 4 and 6
• this occurred more frequently on the right side (6 out of 8 than on the left 3 out of 8)
• at E12.0 - 12.5 and E13.0 - 13.5 right arch artery 4 shows signs of regression including decreased diameter and expression of a transgenic lacZ marker of arterial smooth muscle (4 out of 6 and 2 out of 5, respectively)
• between E11.5 and E13.5 the fourth arch arteries are diminished
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• in E11.5 embryos 50% (2/4) show enlargement of right arch artery 3 and relative narrowing of arch arteries 4 and 6
• this occurred more frequently on the right side (6 out of 8 than on the left 3 out of 8)
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• at E12.0 - 12.5 and E13.0 - 13.5 right arch artery 6 abnormally persists (4 out of 6 and 3 out of 5)
• at E13.0 in embryos where the right arch artery 4 regressed the right arch artery 6 persisted
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• in E11.5 embryos 50% (2/4) show enlargement of right arch artery 3 and relative narrowing of arch arteries 4 and 6
• this occurred more frequently on the right side (6 out of 8 than on the left 3 out of 8)
• at E12.0 - 12.5 right arch artery 3 is markedly enlarged in 2 out of 6 embryos
• at E12.5 arch arteries 3 become the dominant vessels bilaterally, accepting blood from the outflow tract
• at E12.5 the overall growth of arch arteries 3 toward the cranial direction is delayed
• at E12.5 the external carotid fails to branch off of arch arteries 3
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