Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• mutants show some tumor-associated mortality at 6 to 8 months of age
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• germinal center B lymphocytes have fewer autophagic vacuoles than wild-type lymphocytes 10 days after immunization with sheep red blood cells, indicating reduced autophagic activity
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neoplasm
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• 15% of mutants at 13-18 months of age exhibit palpable tumors compared to 1% of wild-type mice
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• proliferative lesions (mammary intraepithelial neoplasia, adenomyoepithelioma, and acinar neoplasia) are present in mammary gland of 13 to 18 month old mutants
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• mutants have an increased frequency of lung lesions in earlier stages of neoplasia, including hyperplastic alveolar epithelium resembling human atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and bronchioalveolar adenomas composed of monomorphous cells with minimal cytologic atypia
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• develop lymphomas that occur more frequently, at an earlier age, are more likely to present as palpable masses than in wild-type, including diffuse large-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, immunoblastic variant of diffuse large-cell lymphoma, anaplastic plasmacytoma, and histiocytic sarcoma
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• mutants have a higher probability of having a malignancy (30%) than wild-type (14%); malignancies do not contain mutations in the wild-type Becn1 allele
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• well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas
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• greater number of and larger lung carcinomas than in wild-type mice
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• lung cancers show features of well-differentiated human papillary adenocarcinomas
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• anaplastic plasmacytoma
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liver/biliary system
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• well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas
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respiratory system
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• mutants have an increased frequency of lung lesions in earlier stages of neoplasia, including hyperplastic alveolar epithelium resembling human atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and bronchioalveolar adenomas composed of monomorphous cells with minimal cytologic atypia
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• greater number of and larger lung carcinomas than in wild-type mice
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• lung cancers show features of well-differentiated human papillary adenocarcinomas
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cellular
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• germinal center B lymphocytes have fewer autophagic vacuoles than wild-type lymphocytes 10 days after immunization with sheep red blood cells, indicating reduced autophagic activity
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• mammary ducts are frequently abnormal, with multiple layers of epithelial cells and intraluminal collections of epithelial cells
• hyperproliferation of mammary ductal epithelial cells in the terminal end buds
• mammary ducts show increase in DNA synthesis
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• proliferative lesions (mammary intraepithelial neoplasia, adenomyoepithelioma, and acinar neoplasia) are present in mammary gland of 13 to 18 month old mutants
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hematopoietic system
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• mutants show an increase in the number of germinal centeres in the spleens following immunization with sheep red blood cells at 2 months of age
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• mutants show an increase in the size of germinal centers in the spleens following immunization with sheep red blood cells at 2 months of age
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immune system
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• increase in frequency of extranodal, splenic, and nodal lymphoproliferative disease
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• mutants show an increase in the number of germinal centeres in the spleens following immunization with sheep red blood cells at 2 months of age
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• mutants show an increase in the size of germinal centers in the spleens following immunization with sheep red blood cells at 2 months of age
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integument
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• mammary ducts are frequently abnormal, with multiple layers of epithelial cells and intraluminal collections of epithelial cells
• hyperproliferation of mammary ductal epithelial cells in the terminal end buds
• mammary ducts show increase in DNA synthesis
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• proliferative lesions (mammary intraepithelial neoplasia, adenomyoepithelioma, and acinar neoplasia) are present in mammary gland of 13 to 18 month old mutants
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