mortality/aging
• no double homozygous mutant mice born
• double homozygotes present at Mendelian ratios at E8.5
• by E10.5 double homozygotes reduced to one third of expected
• no double homozygous mutant embryos by E12.5
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cellular
• actin fiber abnormalities
• decreased fibroblast mobility
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embryo
• deficient axial rotation
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• neural tube closure to level of otic vesicles but no further anteriorly
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• initial development is normal at the 2 to 4 somite stage
• degenerates rapidly after initial formation
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• growing toward headfold structures
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• allantois misshapen and balloon like
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• lack of chorioallantoic fusion
• due to misshapen allantois
• failure to develop definitive embryonic circulation
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nervous system
• neural tube closure to level of otic vesicles but no further anteriorly
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