Analysis Tools
endocrine/exocrine glands
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• 5-20% of tubules were reduced in diameter and contained only early stage spermatocytes
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• 20% reduction in weight relative to wild-type and heterozygous littermates, but normal size and weight of male accessory organs (epididymis, prostate, and seminal vesicle) were observed and male mice were fertile
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renal/urinary system
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• some mice exhibited moderate kidney abnormalities, however there were not apparent functional consequences
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reproductive system
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• increased apoptosis in spermatogenic cells
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• 5-20% of tubules were reduced in diameter and contained only early stage spermatocytes
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• 20% reduction in weight relative to wild-type and heterozygous littermates, but normal size and weight of male accessory organs (epididymis, prostate, and seminal vesicle) were observed and male mice were fertile
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• disrupted spermatogenesis observed only in abnormal tubules
• abnormalities were observed in mice only after puberty
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• spermatocytes past the pachytene stage were reduced in number and often necrotic
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cellular
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• spermatocytes past the pachytene stage were reduced in number and often necrotic
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• increased apoptosis in spermatogenic cells
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