Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• less than 50% surviving into puberty
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behavior/neurological
limb grasping
(
J:70431
)
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• shown in a vertical wire test and in a pole climbing test
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• spontaneous horizontal and vertical activity is reduced
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reproductive system
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• some corpora lutea were observed in subfertile females, however they retained oocytes or antral fluid
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• some follicles contained multiple oocytes enclosed by a single layer of granulosa cells
• with some exceptions, numerous preantral and preovulatory follicles were observed
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• some follicles contained multiple oocytes enclosed by a single layer of granulosa cells
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 |
• improper attachment of flagellum to sperm head
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• failure of sperm to develop hook-shaped head
• improper attachment of flagellum to sperm head
• degenerating sperm head
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• reduced number of step-15 spermatids
• absence of step-16 spermatids
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• reduced number of step-15 spermatids
• absence of step-16 spermatids
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• sperm counts were less than 4% of those of wild-type males
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• morphologically normal step-12 spermatids
• reduced number of step-15 spermatids
• absence of step-16 spermatids
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• vacuoles, sloughing of germ cells and mulitnucleated giant cells are present
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• reduced testis weight; 33.7mg vs 110mg in controls
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anovulation
(
J:66075
)
|
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• failure of ovulation, as indicated by an absence of or aberrant corpora lutea
• no normal ovulation in response to supraphysiological doses of FSH and LH
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• females produced fewer litters
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• litter size reduced to 45% of those of wild-type females
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nervous system
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• Purkinje cells exhibit immature morphological characteristics including multiple climbing fiber synapses
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• reduced number of mature Purkinje cells
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• climbing fiber EPSCs have smaller amplitudes than controls
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• parallel fiber EPSCs are more rapid and have larger amplitudes than controls
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• climbing fiber stimuli induce net facilitization followed by depression at longer stimulus intervals than controls
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growth/size/body
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• average 19.7g vs 24.3g in controls
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endocrine/exocrine glands
|
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• some corpora lutea were observed in subfertile females, however they retained oocytes or antral fluid
|
|
|
• some follicles contained multiple oocytes enclosed by a single layer of granulosa cells
• with some exceptions, numerous preantral and preovulatory follicles were observed
|
|
|
• some follicles contained multiple oocytes enclosed by a single layer of granulosa cells
|
|
|
• vacuoles, sloughing of germ cells and mulitnucleated giant cells are present
|
|
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• reduced testis weight; 33.7mg vs 110mg in controls
|
homeostasis/metabolism
| N |
• normal testosterone levels
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cellular
|
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• improper attachment of flagellum to sperm head
|
|
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• failure of sperm to develop hook-shaped head
• improper attachment of flagellum to sperm head
• degenerating sperm head
|
|
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• reduced number of step-15 spermatids
• absence of step-16 spermatids
|
|
|
• reduced number of step-15 spermatids
• absence of step-16 spermatids
|
|
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• sperm counts were less than 4% of those of wild-type males
|
