mortality/aging
• death around E12
|
embryo
• tail rotation to the left in about 48% of embryos but random relative to heart looping
|
• severe patterning defects in paraxial mesoderm
|
• enlarged floor plate between E8.5 and E10.5
|
• some regions appear as a sheet of cells associated with the dorsal primitive gut endoderm
• reduced number of notochord cells
|
• rupture of surface, bulging of cells
• by late headfold stage, abnormal cell morphology disrupts symmetry
|
• loss of monociliated cells
|
• myoblasts span segment (somite) borders, indicating that borders are not maintained
|
• irregularly shaped segments in the trunk
• distinct dermatomes present at E10.5 but segmental arrangement of myotome and sclerotome cells is disturbed
• myoblasts sometimes span space between adjacent segments
|
• absence of segments in tail bud
• caudal sclerotome forms a uniform, loose, non segmental mass
|
nervous system
• excessive neuronal differentiation in CNS
|
• enlarged floor plate between E8.5 and E10.5
|
• hyperplastic CNS
|
• wide
• irregularly spaced
|
cardiovascular system
• heart looping to the left in about 50% of embryos
• looping is sometimes incomplete at E8.5-9.5
|
hemorrhage
(
J:39633
)
• severely hemorrhagic after E10
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
• pancreatic bud decreased in size
• composed primarily of endocrine cells
|
cellular
• loss of monociliated cells
|
• excessive neuronal differentiation in CNS
|