Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• recovered at a frequency (17%) less than the expected Mendelian ratio
• no lethality date was provided
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reproductive system
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• abnormal morphologies in spermatozoa, such as round heads, short tails, large heads, multiple tails and tail coiling
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• spermatogonia are present in low numbers in seminiferous tubules
• hypospermia and degenerated round cells in epididymis at 8 weeks old
• aspermic epididymis at 24 months
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• reduced number of normal sperm (~2%) at 8 weeks old
• become more severe with aging
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• at 8 weeks of age
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• severely impaired sperm motility
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• decrease in acinar dilation in prostate
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• seminiferous tubule degeneration, germ cell under-population with Leydig cell hyperplasia, apoptotic cells and multinucleated giant cells (spermatocytes) at 8 weeks old
• in some tubules various developmental stages can be seen up to round spermatid
• the major cell stage observed in these tubules is spermatocyte with large dense nuclei
• postmeiotic cell types such as round and elongated spermatids are scarcely observed
• most tubules remained devoid of germ cells and/or disorganized by 6 to 8 weeks
• progressive degeneration and germ cell depletion, eventually showing a Sertoli-cell-only pathology at 24 months
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small testis
(
J:167311
)
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• smaller testis
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• reduced testis weight starting from 4 weeks old
• normal body weight
• normal serum testosterone levels
• no gross abnormalities in other organs, including seminal vesicles, epididymides and vasa deferens
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• spermatogenesis arrest at meiotic phase in most tubules
• reduced 1N fractions (representing round and elongated spermatids) at 2 months of age, which were almost absent at 6 months
• relative increase in 2N fractions (spermatogonia and somatic cells)
• apparent loss of 4N fractions (spermatocytes) at 6 months
• defective in progression to the gamma-H2AX-negative pachytene stage
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• infertile in males
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cellular
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• abnormal morphologies in spermatozoa, such as round heads, short tails, large heads, multiple tails and tail coiling
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• spermatogonia are present in low numbers in seminiferous tubules
• hypospermia and degenerated round cells in epididymis at 8 weeks old
• aspermic epididymis at 24 months
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• reduced number of normal sperm (~2%) at 8 weeks old
• become more severe with aging
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• at 8 weeks of age
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• accumulated spermatocytes with the three acetylation sites on core histones (H3K18, H4K8 and H4K12) sites highly acetylated
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• increased numbers of TUNEL positive tubules and TUNEL-positive cells per tubule
• frequently in spermatocytes in luminal regions of the tubules
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• severely impaired sperm motility
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neoplasm
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• increases in benign Harderian gland adenomas
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• increased incidence of soft tissue sarcomas at time of death
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• increased incidence preferentially in males
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hematopoietic system
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• increases in atypical lymphoid hyperplasia of the spleen
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• decrease in acinar dilation in prostate
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• seminiferous tubule degeneration, germ cell under-population with Leydig cell hyperplasia, apoptotic cells and multinucleated giant cells (spermatocytes) at 8 weeks old
• in some tubules various developmental stages can be seen up to round spermatid
• the major cell stage observed in these tubules is spermatocyte with large dense nuclei
• postmeiotic cell types such as round and elongated spermatids are scarcely observed
• most tubules remained devoid of germ cells and/or disorganized by 6 to 8 weeks
• progressive degeneration and germ cell depletion, eventually showing a Sertoli-cell-only pathology at 24 months
|
small testis
(
J:167311
)
|
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• smaller testis
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• reduced testis weight starting from 4 weeks old
• normal body weight
• normal serum testosterone levels
• no gross abnormalities in other organs, including seminal vesicles, epididymides and vasa deferens
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• increases in benign Harderian gland adenomas
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immune system
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• increases in atypical lymphoid hyperplasia of the spleen
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growth/size/body
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• increases in atypical lymphoid hyperplasia of the spleen
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