• ~25% of newborn homozygotes suffer from primarily abdominal hemorrhages, although hemorrhages around the cranial, neck, and nasal areas are also observed

• however, many homozygotes are able to resolve the bleeding and recover

• ~25% of newborn homozygotes suffer from primarily abdominal hemorrhages

• pregnant female homozygotes consistently present with various degrees of vaginal bleeding beginning at E7 (J:75302)

• excessive maternal bleeding is detected at the implantation site in the uterus as early as E6 (J:75302)

• homozygotes exhibit significantly delayed thrombin-induced plasma clot times (>17 min) relative to wild-type mice (35.5 3.5 sec)

• pregnant female homozygotes consistently present with various degrees of vaginal bleeding beginning at E7 (J:75302)

• excessive maternal bleeding is detected at the implantation site in the uterus as early as E6 (J:75302)

• at E6, embryos in the uteri of pregnant female homozygotes show severe bleeding in regions around the ectoplacental cone, resulting in blood-filled lacunae at E8 to E9 (J:75302)

• by E9 large areas of bleeding initiate the disruption of the placenta and yolk sac from the endometrium (J:75302)

• pregnant female homozygotes undergo spontaneous abortion, with resulting maternal death at E9.75 through excessive bleeding (J:75302)

• a minimal dosage schedule of 10 mg of fibrinogen at E8.5 and E17.5 rescues pregnancy and results in successful vaginal deliveries (J:75302)

• at E9.75, embryos obtained from female pregnant homozygotes are significantly smaller and show bleeding in the egg cylinder cavity

• at E9.75, placental detachment occurs from the implantation site

• female homozygotes exhibit abnormal development of fetal-maternal vascular communication and stabilization of embryo implantation

• afibrinogenemic pregnant females show detachment of the fibrinoid layer from the decidua and disruption of sinusoids of the labyrinths with severe hemorrhage along the planes of placental-decidual attachment

• at E9, embryos obtained from pregnant female homozygotes display a smaller placenta

• at E9.75, embryos obtained from female pregnant homozygotes display a significantly smaller yolk sac

• at E9.75, embryos obtained from female pregnant homozygotes are significantly smaller and show bleeding in the egg cylinder cavity

• in response to bleomycin-induced acute lung injury, homozygotes show no significant differences in the deposition of interstitial collagen and pulmonary fibrotic lesions at 7 and 14 days after intratracheal administration of bleomycin relative to wild type mice (J:64396)

• display better survival to 3 weeks than do mice only deficient for Fgg

• cholesterol is primarily in the LDL fraction as opposed to controls where it is predominantly in the HDL fraction

• thrombin and antithrombin levels very highly elevated

• plaque surface area increases beyond what is seen in double homozygotes lacking fibrinogen gamma chain deficiency

• fibrous cap thinner than is seen in double homozygotes lacking fibrinogen gamma chain deficiency

• collagen deposition in plaques develops more rapidly than in double homozygotes lacking fibrinogen gamma chain deficiency