Phenotypes associated with this allele
|
|
| Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gnat1tm1Clma mutation
(1 available);
any
Gnat1 mutation
(20 available)
|
|
|
vision/eye
|
|
• a-wave amplitude is 5-fold smaller than in Gngt1tm1Dgen homozygous mice
• maximal b-wave amplitude is reduced about 4-fold compared to wild-type controls
|
|
|
| Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gnat1tm1Clma mutation
(1 available);
any
Gnat1 mutation
(20 available)
|
|
|
vision/eye
|
|
• rod outer segment length is shortened by 13 weeks of age
|
|
|
• thickness slightly reduced at 51 weeks of age
|
|
|
• very slightly reduced in thickness in 4 week old mice and reduced by one row of nuclei in 13 week old mice
• thickness of outer nuclear layer remains stable from 13 weeks to 51 weeks
|
|
|
• retina is grossly normal in young mice but degeneration occurs with age
|
|
|
• no rod b-wave is present on electroretinogram
• cone driven components of ERG are all normal however
|
taste/olfaction
|
N |
• taste response to MSG is completely normal whereas, in combination with homozygous Gnat3tm1Rfm, mice become unresponsive to MSG
|
nervous system
|
|
• rod outer segment length is shortened by 13 weeks of age
|
|
|
| Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Cnga3tm1Biel mutation
(0 available);
any
Cnga3 mutation
(26 available)
Gnat1tm1Clma mutation
(1 available);
any
Gnat1 mutation
(20 available)
Opn4tm1Yau mutation
(0 available);
any
Opn4 mutation
(33 available)
|
|
|
behavior/neurological
|
|
• triple mutants essentially show no pupillary reflex in response to intense exposure of light at 480 nm, monochromatic light at other wavelengths (360-660 nm) or intense white light
• on close scrutiny, 2 out of 6 triple mutants displayed a small, very transient pupil constriction in response to bright 480-nm light; however, this was not consistently observed on repeated stimulus trials with extensive dark adaptation (up to 3 days) in between
• in contrast, triple mutants exhibit maximum pupil constriction in response to carbachol (a parasympathetic agonist)
|
|
|
• actograms of wheel running under a 16/8-h light/dark cycle showed that triple mutants free-run with a period of less than 24 hours
|
|
|
• triple homozygotes fail to entrain to light/dark cycles and show no masking response to light
|
vision/eye
|
N |
• triple homozygotes display normal retinal morphology and thickness relative to wild-type mice
• also, triple mutants show normal abundance and central connectivity of melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells in brain
|
|
|
• triple mutants essentially show no pupillary reflex in response to intense exposure of light at 480 nm, monochromatic light at other wavelengths (360-660 nm) or intense white light
• on close scrutiny, 2 out of 6 triple mutants displayed a small, very transient pupil constriction in response to bright 480-nm light; however, this was not consistently observed on repeated stimulus trials with extensive dark adaptation (up to 3 days) in between
• in contrast, triple mutants exhibit maximum pupil constriction in response to carbachol (a parasympathetic agonist)
|
|
|
| Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Abca4tm2.1Kpal mutation
(0 available);
any
Abca4 mutation
(107 available)
Gnat1tm1Clma mutation
(1 available);
any
Gnat1 mutation
(20 available)
|
|
|
pigmentation
|
|
• increase in lipofuscin autofluorescence in the fundus
|
vision/eye
|
|
• cone responses appear somewhat faster than those of control single Gnat1 homozygotes
• the maximum cone response amplitude is about 20% lower than in single Gnat1 homozygous controls
• the later phase of cone dark adaptation in vivo is delayed, however the early phase of cone recovery is not affected
|
|
|
| Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gnat1tm1Clma mutation
(1 available);
any
Gnat1 mutation
(20 available)
Gngt1tm1Dgen mutation
(0 available);
any
Gngt1 mutation
(13 available)
|
|
|
vision/eye
|
|
• degeneration proceeds at a rate similar to that in Gngt1 single homozygotes
|
nervous system
|
|
• degeneration proceeds at a rate similar to that in Gngt1 single homozygotes
|
|
|
| Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gnat1tm1Clma mutation
(1 available);
any
Gnat1 mutation
(20 available)
Rhotm2.1Kpal mutation
(0 available);
any
Rho mutation
(48 available)
|
|
|
Severe retinal degeneration in Rhotm2.1Kpal/Rhotm2.1Kpal Gnat1tm1Clma/Gnat1tm1Clma mice and less severe degeneration in Rhotm2.1Kpal/Rhotm2.1Kpal Lrattm1Kpal/Lrattm1Kpal mice
vision/eye
|
|
• more severe than in Rhotm2.1Kpal homozygotes
|
|
|
• more severe than in Rhotm2.1Kpal homozygotes
|
nervous system
|
|
• more severe than in Rhotm2.1Kpal homozygotes
|
taste/olfaction
|
|
• loss of sensitivity to umami taste sensation as indicated by indifference to MSG at concentrations preferred by control mice
• in contrast, mice homozygous only for Gnat3tm1Rfm continue to be sensitive to MSG but at a reduced level
|
nervous system
|
|
• response to MSG stimulation in the corda tympani is reduced
• MSG response in the glossopharyngeal nerve is normal
|
Analysis Tools