nervous system
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• branchiomotor neurons do not fasciculate and exit at multiple points along the neural tube unlike in wild-type mice
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• hindbrain organization into even- and odd-numbered rhombomeres is lacking
• molecular markers reveal a lack of rhombomeres 4 and 5
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• apoptosis in the hindbrain is increased and extends more posteriorly than in Hoxa1 null mice
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embryogenesis
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• the second branchial pouch is absent and the shape of the third is distorted
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• hindbrain organization into even- and odd-numbered rhombomeres is lacking
• molecular markers reveal a lack of rhombomeres 4 and 5
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craniofacial
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• the incus is reduced in size
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• the stapes derived from the second branchial arch is absent
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• mice lack the levator labii maxillaries, orbicularis occuli and zygomatic muscles
• the posterior belly of the digastric and stylohyoid muscles form but act as a single muscle
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endocrine/exocrine glands
hearing/vestibular/ear
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• the incus is reduced in size
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• the stapes derived from the second branchial arch is absent
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respiratory system
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• at birth, mice exhibit lung hypoplasia that ranges from 5 small lobes to the presence of only two lobes
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muscle
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• mice lack the levator labii maxillaries, orbicularis occuli and zygomatic muscles
• the posterior belly of the digastric and stylohyoid muscles form but act as a single muscle
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immune system
skeleton
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• the incus is reduced in size
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• the stapes derived from the second branchial arch is absent
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hematopoietic system
cellular
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• branchiomotor neurons do not fasciculate and exit at multiple points along the neural tube unlike in wild-type mice
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