Gene Expression Literature Summary

• Symbol: Opn1sw
• Name: opsin 1 (cone pigments), short-wave-sensitive (color blindness, tritan)
• ID: MGI:99438

80 matching records from 80 references.

Summary by Age and Assay: Numbers in the table indicate the number of results matching the search criteria.

Age	E9.5	E10.5	E11	E11.5	E12.5	E13	E13.5	E14.5	E15	E15.5	E16	E16.5	E17	E17.5	E18	E18.5	E19	P
Immunohistochemistry (section)														2	1	2	1	57
In situ RNA (section)					1					1			1		1			12
Immunohistochemistry (whole mount)																		6
Northern blot														1				4
Western blot																		4
RT-PCR	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	2		22
cDNA clones																		1

Summary by Gene and Reference: Number indicates the number of results matching the search criteria recorded for each reference.
* Indicates detailed expression data entries available

Opn1sw  opsin 1 (cone pigments), short-wave-sensitive (color blindness, tritan)   (Synonyms: Bcp, Blue Cone Opsin, Blue Opsin, Blue/UV Opsin, Short Wavelength Sensitive opsin, S Opsin, SWS opsin, UV cone pigment)
Results	Reference
4*	J:242163 Aavani T, Tachibana N, Wallace V, Biernaskie J, Schuurmans C, Temporal profiling of photoreceptor lineage gene expression during murine retinal development. Gene Expr Patterns. 2017 Jan;23-24:32-44
1	J:305147 Aisa-Marin I, Lopez-Iniesta MJ, Milla S, Lillo J, Navarro G, de la Villa P, Marfany G, Nr2e3 functional domain ablation by CRISPR-Cas9D10A identifies a new isoform and generates retinitis pigmentosa and enhanced S-cone syndrome models. Neurobiol Dis. 2020 Dec;146:105122
2*	J:167740 Alfano G, Conte I, Caramico T, Avellino R, Arno B, Pizzo MT, Tanimoto N, Beck SC, Huber G, Dolle P, Seeliger MW, Banfi S, Vax2 regulates retinoic acid distribution and cone opsin expression in the vertebrate eye. Development. 2011 Jan;138(2):261-71
1*	J:293626 Allon G, Mann I, Remez L, Sehn E, Rizel L, Nevet MJ, Perlman I, Wolfrum U, Ben-Yosef T, PRCD is concentrated at the base of photoreceptor outer segments and is involved in outer segment disc formation. Hum Mol Genet. 2019 Dec 15;28(24):4078-4088
1*	J:191149 Alves CH, Sanz Sanz A, Park B, Pellissier LP, Tanimoto N, Beck SC, Huber G, Murtaza M, Richard F, Sridevi Gurubaran I, Garcia Garrido M, Levelt CN, Rashbass P, Le Bivic A, Seeliger MW, Wijnholds J, Loss of CRB2 in the mouse retina mimics human retinitis pigmentosa due to mutations in the CRB1 gene. Hum Mol Genet. 2013 Jan 1;22(1):35-50
9*	J:121116 Applebury ML, Farhangfar F, Glosmann M, Hashimoto K, Kage K, Robbins JT, Shibusawa N, Wondisford FE, Zhang H, Transient expression of thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRbeta2 sets S opsin patterning during cone photoreceptor genesis. Dev Dyn. 2007 May;236(5):1203-12
1	J:238712 Belanger MC, Robert B, Cayouette M, Msx1-Positive Progenitors in the Retinal Ciliary Margin Give Rise to Both Neural and Non-neural Progenies in Mammals. Dev Cell. 2017 Jan 23;40(2):137-150
7*	J:70841 Bibb LC, Holt JK, Tarttelin EE, Hodges MD, Gregory-Evans K, Rutherford A, Lucas RJ, Sowden JC, Gregory-Evans CY, Temporal and spatial expression patterns of the CRX transcription factor and its downstream targets. Critical differences during human and mouse eye development. Hum Mol Genet. 2001 Jul 15;10(15):1571-9
1	J:70746 Brown NL, Patel S, Brzezinski J, Glaser T, Math5 is required for retinal ganglion cell and optic nerve formation. Development. 2001 Jul;128(13):2497-508
1	J:156665 Brzezinski JA 4th, Lamba DA, Reh TA, Blimp1 controls photoreceptor versus bipolar cell fate choice during retinal development. Development. 2010 Feb;137(4):619-29
1	J:165076 Cammas L, Trensz F, Jellali A, Ghyselinck NB, Roux MJ, Dolle P, Retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-alpha is not critically required for mediating retinoic acid effects in the developing mouse retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Jun;51(6):3281-90
1	J:326379 Chaya T, Ishikane H, Varner LR, Sugita Y, Maeda Y, Tsutsumi R, Motooka D, Okuzaki D, Furukawa T, Deficiency of the neurodevelopmental disorder-associated gene Cyfip2 alters the retinal ganglion cell properties and visual acuity. Hum Mol Genet. 2022 Feb 21;31(4):535-547
1	J:282598 Chaya T, Tsutsumi R, Varner LR, Maeda Y, Yoshida S, Furukawa T, Cul3-Klhl18 ubiquitin ligase modulates rod transducin translocation during light-dark adaptation. EMBO J. 2019 Dec 2;38(23):e101409
2*	J:114905 Cheng H, Aleman TS, Cideciyan AV, Khanna R, Jacobson SG, Swaroop A, In vivo function of the orphan nuclear receptor NR2E3 in establishing photoreceptor identity during mammalian retinal development. Hum Mol Genet. 2006 Sep 1;15(17):2588-602
2	J:265843 Chowdhury R, Laboissonniere LA, Wester AK, Muller M, Trimarchi JM, The Trim family of genes and the retina: Expression and functional characterization. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0202867
1	J:297748 Collin GB, Won J, Krebs MP, Hicks WJ, Charette JR, Naggert JK, Nishina PM, Disruption in murine Eml1 perturbs retinal lamination during early development. Sci Rep. 2020 Mar 27;10(1):5647
2*	J:107820 Corbo JC, Cepko CL, A Hybrid Photoreceptor Expressing Both Rod and Cone Genes in a Mouse Model of Enhanced S-Cone Syndrome. PLoS Genet. 2005 Aug 5;1(2):e11
1	J:160729 Das G, Choi Y, Sicinski P, Levine EM, Cyclin D1 fine-tunes the neurogenic output of embryonic retinal progenitor cells. Neural Dev. 2009;4:15
1	J:173617 de Melo J, Peng GH, Chen S, Blackshaw S, The Spalt family transcription factor Sall3 regulates the development of cone photoreceptors and retinal horizontal interneurons. Development. 2011 Jun;138(11):2325-36
1	J:176668 Deans MR, Krol A, Abraira VE, Copley CO, Tucker AF, Goodrich LV, Control of neuronal morphology by the atypical cadherin Fat3. Neuron. 2011 Sep 8;71(5):820-32
1	J:283627 Dunbar LA, Patni P, Aguilar C, Mburu P, Corns L, Wells HR, Delmaghani S, Parker A, Johnson S, Williams D, Esapa CT, Simon MM, Chessum L, Newton S, Dorning J, Jeyarajan P, Morse S, Lelli A, Codner GF, Peineau T, Gopal SR, Alagramam KN, Hertzano R, Dulon D, Wells S, Williams FM, Petit C, Dawson SJ, Brown SD, Marcotti W, El-Amraoui A, Bowl MR, Clarin-2 is essential for hearing by maintaining stereocilia integrity and function. EMBO Mol Med. 2019 Sep;11(9):e10288
1*	J:257927 Fairchild CL, Hino K, Han JS, Miltner AM, Peinado Allina G, Brown CE, Burns ME, La Torre A, Simo S, RBX2 maintains final retinal cell position in a DAB1-dependent and -independent fashion. Development. 2018 Feb 2;145(3):dev155283
3*	J:46439 Freeman TC, Dixon AK, Campbell EA, Tait TM, Richardson PJ, Rice KM, Maslen GL, Metcalfe AD, Streuli CH, Bentley DR, Expression Mapping of Mouse Genes. MGI Direct Data Submission. 1998;
1	J:242481 Fu Y, Liu H, Ng L, Kim JW, Hao H, Swaroop A, Forrest D, Feedback induction of a photoreceptor-specific isoform of retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor beta by the rod transcription factor NRL. J Biol Chem. 2014 Nov 21;289(47):32469-80
2*	J:143073 Fujieda H, Bremner R, Mears AJ, Sasaki H, Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha regulates a subset of cone genes during mouse retinal development. J Neurochem. 2009 Jan;108(1):91-101
1	J:249145 Goetz JJ, Laboissonniere LA, Wester AK, Lynch MR, Trimarchi JM, Polo-Like Kinase 3 Appears Dispensable for Normal Retinal Development Despite Robust Embryonic Expression. PLoS One. 2016;11(3):e0150878
1	J:203642 Hufnagel RB, Riesenberg AN, Quinn M, Brzezinski JA 4th, Glaser T, Brown NL, Heterochronic misexpression of Ascl1 in the Atoh7 retinal cell lineage blocks cell cycle exit. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2013 May;54:108-20
1	J:105970 Jadhav AP, Mason HA, Cepko CL, Notch 1 inhibits photoreceptor production in the developing mammalian retina. Development. 2006 Mar;133(5):913-23
1	J:333564 Javed A, Santos-Franca PL, Mattar P, Cui A, Kassem F, Cayouette M, Ikaros family proteins redundantly regulate temporal patterning in the developing mouse retina. Development. 2023 Jan 15;150(2):dev200436
2	J:175792 Jelcick AS, Yuan Y, Leehy BD, Cox LC, Silveira AC, Qiu F, Schenk S, Sachs AJ, Morrison MA, Nystuen AM, DeAngelis MM, Haider NB, Genetic variations strongly influence phenotypic outcome in the mouse retina. PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e21858
4	J:153683 Jia L, Oh EC, Ng L, Srinivas M, Brooks M, Swaroop A, Forrest D, Retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor RORbeta is an early-acting factor in rod photoreceptor development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Oct 13;106(41):17534-9
1	J:120914 Jones I, Ng L, Liu H, Forrest D, An intron control region differentially regulates expression of thyroid hormone receptor beta2 in the cochlea, pituitary, and cone photoreceptors. Mol Endocrinol. 2007 May;21(5):1108-19
1	J:143205 Kanadia RN, Clark VE, Punzo C, Trimarchi JM, Cepko CL, Temporal requirement of the alternative-splicing factor Sfrs1 for the survival of retinal neurons. Development. 2008 Dec;135(23):3923-33
1	J:160529 Katoh K, Omori Y, Onishi A, Sato S, Kondo M, Furukawa T, Blimp1 suppresses Chx10 expression in differentiating retinal photoreceptor precursors to ensure proper photoreceptor development. J Neurosci. 2010 May 12;30(19):6515-26
1	J:193195 Katoh K, Yamazaki R, Onishi A, Sanuki R, Furukawa T, G9a histone methyltransferase activity in retinal progenitors is essential for proper differentiation and survival of mouse retinal cells. J Neurosci. 2012 Dec 5;32(49):17658-70
1	J:102364 Koike C, Nishida A, Akimoto K, Nakaya MA, Noda T, Ohno S, Furukawa T, Function of atypical protein kinase Clambda in differentiating photoreceptors is required for proper lamination of mouse retina. J Neurosci. 2005 Nov 2;25(44):10290-8
1	J:335074 Kuzelova A, Dupacova N, Antosova B, Sunny SS, Kozmik Z Jr, Paces J, Skoultchi AI, Stopka T, Kozmik Z, Chromatin Remodeling Enzyme Snf2h Is Essential for Retinal Cell Proliferation and Photoreceptor Maintenance. Cells. 2023 Mar 28;12(7)
1	J:329268 Langouet M, Jolicoeur C, Javed A, Mattar P, Gearhart MD, Daiger SP, Bertelsen M, Tranebjaerg L, Rendtorff ND, Gronskov K, Jespersgaard C, Chen R, Sun Z, Li H, Alirezaie N, Majewski J, Bardwell VJ, Sui R, Koenekoop RK, Cayouette M, Mutations in BCOR, a co-repressor of CRX/OTX2, are associated with early-onset retinal degeneration. Sci Adv. 2022 Sep 9;8(36):eabh2868
1	J:282250 Li Y, Hao H, Swerdel MR, Cho HY, Lee KB, Hart RP, Lyu YL, Cai L, Top2b is involved in the formation of outer segment and synapse during late-stage photoreceptor differentiation by controlling key genes of photoreceptor transcriptional regulatory network. J Neurosci Res. 2017 Oct;95(10):1951-1964
1	J:207483 Li Y, Hao H, Tzatzalos E, Lin RK, Doh S, Liu LF, Lyu YL, Cai L, Topoisomerase IIbeta is required for proper retinal development and survival of postmitotic cells. Biol Open. 2014;3(2):172-84
1	J:343468 Li Y, Xiao D, Chen H, Zheng XFS, Xiang M, Maf1 controls retinal neuron number by both RNA Pol III- and Pol II-dependent mechanisms. iScience. 2023 Dec 15;26(12):108544
3	J:131378 Liu H, Etter P, Hayes S, Jones I, Nelson B, Hartman B, Forrest D, Reh TA, NeuroD1 regulates expression of thyroid hormone receptor 2 and cone opsins in the developing mouse retina. J Neurosci. 2008 Jan 16;28(3):749-56
7	J:335506 Liu H, Lu A, Kelley KA, Forrest D, Noncoding Mutations in a Thyroid Hormone Receptor Gene That Impair Cone Photoreceptor Function. Endocrinology. 2023 Jan 9;164(3)
4	J:158094 Lu A, Ng L, Ma M, Kefas B, Davies TF, Hernandez A, Chan CC, Forrest D, Retarded developmental expression and patterning of retinal cone opsins in hypothyroid mice. Endocrinology. 2009 Mar;150(3):1536-44
1*	J:210433 Mandal NA, Tran JT, Saadi A, Rahman AK, Huynh TP, Klein WH, Cho JH, Expression and localization of CERKL in the mammalian retina, its response to light-stress, and relationship with NeuroD1 gene. Exp Eye Res. 2013 Jan;106:24-33
1	J:194077 Mao CA, Cho JH, Wang J, Gao Z, Pan P, Tsai WW, Frishman LJ, Klein WH, Reprogramming amacrine and photoreceptor progenitors into retinal ganglion cells by replacing Neurod1 with Atoh7. Development. 2013 Feb 1;140(3):541-51
1	J:167071 Mao CA, Tsai WW, Cho JH, Pan P, Barton MC, Klein WH, Neuronal transcriptional repressor REST suppresses an Atoh7-independent program for initiating retinal ganglion cell development. Dev Biol. 2011 Jan 1;349(1):90-9
1	J:219894 Mattar P, Ericson J, Blackshaw S, Cayouette M, A conserved regulatory logic controls temporal identity in mouse neural progenitors. Neuron. 2015 Feb 4;85(3):497-504
1	J:333797 Min KW, Kim N, Lee JH, Sung Y, Kim M, Lee EJ, Kim JM, Kim JH, Lee J, Cho W, Yang JM, Kim N, Kim J, Lee CJ, Park YG, Lee SH, Lee HW, Kim JW, Visuomotor anomalies in achiasmatic mice expressing a transfer-defective Vax1 mutant. Exp Mol Med. 2023 Feb;55(2):385-400
1*	J:88451 Mori M, Metzger D, Picaud S, Hindelang C, Simonutti M, Sahel J, Chambon P, Mark M, Retinal dystrophy resulting from ablation of RXR alpha in the mouse retinal pigment epithelium. Am J Pathol. 2004 Feb;164(2):701-10
1	J:224407 Murphy D, Singh R, Kolandaivelu S, Ramamurthy V, Stoilov P, Alternative Splicing Shapes the Phenotype of a Mutation in BBS8 To Cause Nonsyndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa. Mol Cell Biol. 2015 May;35(10):1860-70
4	J:66737 Ng L, Hurley JB, Dierks B, Srinivas M, Salto C, Vennstrom B, Reh TA, Forrest D, A thyroid hormone receptor that is required for the development of green cone photoreceptors. Nat Genet. 2001 Jan;27(1):94-8
2	J:334815 Ng L, Liu H, Liu Y, Forrest D, Biphasic expression of thyroid hormone receptor TRbeta1 in mammalian retina and anterior ocular tissues. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1174600
3	J:174592 Ng L, Lu A, Swaroop A, Sharlin DS, Swaroop A, Forrest D, Two transcription factors can direct three photoreceptor outcomes from rod precursor cells in mouse retinal development. J Neurosci. 2011 Aug 3;31(31):11118-25
1	J:159022 Ng L, Lyubarsky A, Nikonov SS, Ma M, Srinivas M, Kefas B, St Germain DL, Hernandez A, Pugh EN Jr, Forrest D, Type 3 deiodinase, a thyroid-hormone-inactivating enzyme, controls survival and maturation of cone photoreceptors. J Neurosci. 2010 Mar 3;30(9):3347-57
2	J:248772 Olivares AM, Han Y, Soto D, Flattery K, Marini J, Mollema N, Haider A, Escher P, DeAngelis MM, Haider NB, The nuclear hormone receptor gene Nr2c1 (Tr2) is a critical regulator of early retina cell patterning. Dev Biol. 2017 Sep 1;429(1):343-355
1	J:230346 Omori Y, Kitamura T, Yoshida S, Kuwahara R, Chaya T, Irie S, Furukawa T, Mef2d is essential for the maturation and integrity of retinal photoreceptor and bipolar cells. Genes Cells. 2015 May;20(5):408-26
1	J:303303 Pan M, Yin Y, Wang X, Wang Q, Zhang L, Hu H, Wang C, Mice deficient in UXT exhibit retinitis pigmentosa-like features via aberrant autophagy activation. Autophagy. 2020 Aug 2;:1-16
1	J:186563 Prasov L, Glaser T, Pushing the envelope of retinal ganglion cell genesis: Context dependent function of Math5 (Atoh7). Dev Biol. 2012 Aug 15;368(2):214-30
1	J:154061 Riesenberg AN, Liu Z, Kopan R, Brown NL, Rbpj cell autonomous regulation of retinal ganglion cell and cone photoreceptor fates in the mouse retina. J Neurosci. 2009 Oct 14;29(41):12865-77
2	J:103712 Roberts MR, Hendrickson A, McGuire CR, Reh TA, Retinoid X receptor (gamma) is necessary to establish the S-opsin gradient in cone photoreceptors of the developing mouse retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Aug;46(8):2897-904
1*	J:264207 Rodgers HM, Huffman VJ, Voronina VA, Lewandoski M, Mathers PH, The role of the Rx homeobox gene in retinal progenitor proliferation and cell fate specification. Mech Dev. 2018 Jun;151:18-29
1	J:239714 Ronquillo CC, Hanke-Gogokhia C, Revelo MP, Frederick JM, Jiang L, Baehr W, Ciliopathy-associated IQCB1/NPHP5 protein is required for mouse photoreceptor outer segment formation. FASEB J. 2016 Oct;30(10):3400-3412
1	J:179521 Saghizadeh M, Gribanova Y, Akhmedov NB, Farber DB, ZBED4, a cone and Muller cell protein in human retina, has a different cellular expression in mouse. Mol Vis. 2011;17:2011-8
3	J:179784 Sanuki R, Onishi A, Koike C, Muramatsu R, Watanabe S, Muranishi Y, Irie S, Uneo S, Koyasu T, Matsui R, Cherasse Y, Urade Y, Watanabe D, Kondo M, Yamashita T, Furukawa T, miR-124a is required for hippocampal axogenesis and retinal cone survival through Lhx2 suppression. Nat Neurosci. 2011 Sep;14(9):1125-34
1	J:216471 Sapkota D, Chintala H, Wu F, Fliesler SJ, Hu Z, Mu X, Onecut1 and Onecut2 redundantly regulate early retinal cell fates during development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Sep 30;111(39):E4086-95
1	J:153655 Satoh S, Tang K, Iida A, Inoue M, Kodama T, Tsai SY, Tsai MJ, Furuta Y, Watanabe S, The spatial patterning of mouse cone opsin expression is regulated by bone morphogenetic protein signaling through downstream effector COUP-TF nuclear receptors. J Neurosci. 2009 Oct 7;29(40):12401-11
2	J:293722 Sawant OB, Jidigam VK, Fuller RD, Zucaro OF, Kpegba C, Yu M, Peachey NS, Rao S, The circadian clock gene Bmal1 is required to control the timing of retinal neurogenesis and lamination of Muller glia in the mouse retina. FASEB J. 2019 Aug;33(8):8745-8758
1	J:320423 Sharma V, Nayak J, DeRossi C, Charbono A, Ichikawa M, Ng BG, Grajales-Esquivel E, Srivastava A, Wang L, He P, Scott DA, Russell J, Contreras E, Guess CM, Krajewski S, Del Rio-Tsonis K, Freeze HH, Mannose supplements induce embryonic lethality and blindness in phosphomannose isomerase hypomorphic mice. FASEB J. 2014 Apr;28(4):1854-69
2	J:249375 Smiley S, Nickerson PE, Comanita L, Daftarian N, El-Sehemy A, Tsai EL, Matan-Lithwick S, Yan K, Thurig S, Touahri Y, Dixit R, Aavani T, De Repentingy Y, Baker A, Tsilfidis C, Biernaskie J, Sauve Y, Schuurmans C, Kothary R, Mears AJ, Wallace VA, Establishment of a cone photoreceptor transplantation platform based on a novel cone-GFP reporter mouse line. Sci Rep. 2016 Mar 11;6:22867
2	J:111028 Srinivas M, Ng L, Liu H, Jia L, Forrest D, Activation of the blue opsin gene in cone photoreceptor development by retinoid-related orphan receptor beta. Mol Endocrinol. 2006 Aug;20(8):1728-41
1	J:168098 Vekslin S, Ben-Yosef T, Spatiotemporal expression pattern of ceramide kinase-like in the mouse retina. Mol Vis. 2010;16:2539-49
1	J:222242 Watanabe S, Sanuki R, Sugita Y, Imai W, Yamazaki R, Kozuka T, Ohsuga M, Furukawa T, Prdm13 regulates subtype specification of retinal amacrine interneurons and modulates visual sensitivity. J Neurosci. 2015 May 20;35(20):8004-20
1*	J:279788 Wen B, Li S, Li H, Chen Y, Ma X, Wang J, Lu F, Qu J, Hou L, Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor regulates the visual cycle genes Rlbp1 and Rdh5 in the retinal pigment epithelium. Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 15;6:21208
1*	J:274764 Wu KC, Chen XJ, Jin GH, Wang XY, Yang DD, Li YP, Xiang L, Zhang BW, Zhou GH, Zhang CJ, Jin ZB, Deletion of miR-182 Leads to Retinal Dysfunction in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019 Mar 1;60(4):1265-1274
1	J:307191 Wu M, Deng Q, Lei X, Du Y, Shen Y, Elavl2 Regulates Retinal Function Via Modulating the Differentiation of Amacrine Cells Subtype. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021 Jun 1;62(7):1
1	J:243794 Yan N, Cheng L, Cho K, Malik MT, Xiao L, Guo C, Yu H, Zhu R, Rao RC, Chen DF, Postnatal onset of retinal degeneration by loss of embryonic Ezh2 repression of Six1. Sci Rep. 2016 Sep 28;6:33887
2*	J:108438 Yanagi Y, Takezawa S, Kato S, Distinct functions of photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor, thyroid hormone receptor beta2 and CRX in one photoreceptor development. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002 Nov;43(11):3489-94
4*	J:225638 Yoshida S, Mears AJ, Friedman JS, Carter T, He S, Oh E, Jing Y, Farjo R, Fleury G, Barlow C, Hero AO, Swaroop A, Expression profiling of the developing and mature Nrl-/- mouse retina: identification of retinal disease candidates and transcriptional regulatory targets of Nrl. Hum Mol Genet. 2004 Jul 15;13(14):1487-503
2	J:108702 Zhang CL, Zou Y, Yu RT, Gage FH, Evans RM, Nuclear receptor TLX prevents retinal dystrophy and recruits the corepressor atrophin1. Genes Dev. 2006 May 15;20(10):1308-20