Gene Expression Literature Summary

• Symbol: Pthlh
• Name: parathyroid hormone-like peptide
• ID: MGI:97800

125 matching records from 125 references.

Summary by Age and Assay: Numbers in the table indicate the number of results matching the search criteria.

Age	E0.5	E1	E2	E2.5	E3	E3.5	E5	E5.5	E6	E6.5	E7	E7.5	E8.5	E9.5	E10.5	E11.5	E12	E12.5	E13	E13.5	E14	E14.5	E15	E15.5	E16	E16.5	E17	E17.5	E18	E18.5	E19	E	P
Immunohistochemistry (section)							1		1		1	1	1	1				1		1		2	1	4		3		3	2	7	1	1	11
In situ RNA (section)								1		1		1	1	1	1	2	2	7	1	13	2	20	2	14	1	13	1	1	2	9		5	18
In situ RNA (whole mount)															1	1	2	1		4		1										1
In situ reporter (knock in)					1		1									2		2		2		2		2		1				1			3
Northern blot																														1			2
Western blot																													1	1			3
RT-PCR	1	1	1	1	1	1								1		2		3	1	4		5	1	7		3		2	1	7		2	9
RNase protection																					1				1				1				2

Summary by Gene and Reference: Number indicates the number of results matching the search criteria recorded for each reference.
* Indicates detailed expression data entries available

Pthlh  parathyroid hormone-like peptide   (Synonyms: parathyroid hormone-like hormone, parathyroid hormone-related peptide, parathyroid hormone-related protein, PTH-like, PTH-related peptide, Pthrp)
Results	Reference
1	J:79879 Akiyama H, Chaboissier MC, Martin JF, Schedl A, De Crombrugghe B, The transcription factor Sox9 has essential roles in successive steps of the chondrocyte differentiation pathway and is required for expression of Sox5 and Sox6. Genes Dev. 2002 Nov 1;16(21):2813-28
1	J:90567 Akiyama H, Lyons JP, Mori-Akiyama Y, Yang X, Zhang R, Zhang Z, Deng JM, Taketo MM, Nakamura T, Behringer RR, McCrea PD, de Crombrugghe B, Interactions between Sox9 and beta-catenin control chondrocyte differentiation. Genes Dev. 2004 May 1;18(9):1072-87
1	J:309392 Amano K, Densmore MJ, Lanske B, Conditional Deletion of Indian Hedgehog in Limb Mesenchyme Results in Complete Loss of Growth Plate Formation but Allows Mature Osteoblast Differentiation. J Bone Miner Res. 2015 Dec;30(12):2262-72
2*	J:20321 Amizuka N, Warshawsky H, Henderson JE, Goltzman D, Karaplis AC, Parathyroid hormone-related peptide-depleted mice show abnormal epiphyseal cartilage development and altered endochondral bone formation. J Cell Biol. 1994 Sep;126(6):1611-23
8	J:155396 Bellon E, Luyten FP, Tylzanowski P, delta-EF1 is a negative regulator of Ihh in the developing growth plate. J Cell Biol. 2009 Nov 30;187(5):685-99
1*	J:168038 Bimonte S, De Angelis A, Quagliata L, Giusti F, Tammaro R, Dallai R, Ascenzi MG, Diez-Roux G, Franco B, Ofd1 is required in limb bud patterning and endochondral bone development. Dev Biol. 2011 Jan 15;349(2):179-91
6	J:176401 Bond H, Dilworth MR, Baker B, Cowley E, Requena Jimenez A, Boyd RD, Husain SM, Ward BS, Sibley CP, Glazier JD, Increased maternofetal calcium flux in parathyroid hormone-related protein-null mice. J Physiol. 2008 Apr 1;586(7):2015-25
2	J:216103 Boras-Granic K, Dann P, Vanhouten J, Karaplis A, Wysolmerski J, Deletion of the nuclear localization sequences and C-terminus of PTHrP impairs embryonic mammary development but also inhibits PTHrP production. PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e90418
5	J:180983 Boras-Granic K, VanHouten J, Hiremath M, Wysolmerski J, Parathyroid hormone-related protein is not required for normal ductal or alveolar development in the post-natal mammary gland. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27278
2	J:90403 Boulet AM, Capecchi MR, Multiple roles of Hoxa11 and Hoxd11 in the formation of the mammalian forelimb zeugopod. Development. 2004 Jan;131(2):299-309
2	J:239074 Cai H, Liu A, Spop promotes skeletal development and homeostasis by positively regulating Ihh signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Dec 20;113(51):14751-14756
1	J:188176 Caparros-Martin JA, Valencia M, Reytor E, Pacheco M, Fernandez M, Perez-Aytes A, Gean E, Lapunzina P, Peters H, Goodship JA, Ruiz-Perez VL, The ciliary Evc/Evc2 complex interacts with Smo and controls Hedgehog pathway activity in chondrocytes by regulating Sufu/Gli3 dissociation and Gli3 trafficking in primary cilia. Hum Mol Genet. 2013 Jan 1;22(1):124-39
1	J:157333 Capurro MI, Li F, Filmus J, Overgrowth of a mouse model of Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome is partly mediated by Indian hedgehog. EMBO Rep. 2009 Aug;10(8):901-7
1	J:209730 Cardelli M, Zirngibl RA, Boetto JF, McKenzie KP, Troy TC, Turksen K, Aubin JE, Cartilage-specific overexpression of ERRgamma results in Chondrodysplasia and reduced chondrocyte proliferation. PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e81511
1*	J:310847 Chen H, Ghori-Javed FY, Rashid H, Adhami MD, Serra R, Gutierrez SE, Javed A, Runx2 regulates endochondral ossification through control of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. J Bone Miner Res. 2014 Dec;29(12):2653-65
7*	J:128121 Chen X, Macica CM, Dreyer BE, Hammond VE, Hens JR, Philbrick WM, Broadus AE, Initial characterization of PTH-related protein gene-driven lacZ expression in the mouse. J Bone Miner Res. 2006 Jan;21(1):113-23
4	J:143531 Chen X, Macica CM, Nasiri A, Broadus AE, Regulation of articular chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation by indian hedgehog and parathyroid hormone-related protein in mice. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Dec;58(12):3788-97
8	J:83352 Cho YM, Woodard GL, Dunbar M, Gocken T, Jimenez JA, Foley J, Hair-cycle-dependent expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein and its type I receptor: evidence for regulation at the anagen to catagen transition. J Invest Dermatol. 2003 May;120(5):715-27
1	J:79920 Dabovic B, Chen Y, Colarossi C, Zambuto L, Obata H, Rifkin DB, Bone defects in latent TGF-beta binding protein (Ltbp)-3 null mice; a role for Ltbp in TGF-beta presentation. J Endocrinol. 2002 Oct;175(1):129-41
1	J:98427 Day TF, Guo X, Garrett-Beal L, Yang Y, Wnt/beta-Catenin Signaling in Mesenchymal Progenitors Controls Osteoblast and Chondrocyte Differentiation during Vertebrate Skeletogenesis. Dev Cell. 2005 May;8(5):739-50
1	J:108241 Desai J, Shannon ME, Johnson MD, Ruff DW, Hughes LA, Kerley MK, Carpenter DA, Johnson DK, Rinchik EM, Culiat CT, Nell1-deficient mice have reduced expression of extracellular matrix proteins causing cranial and vertebral defects. Hum Mol Genet. 2006 Apr 15;15(8):1329-41
1	J:230611 Dierker T, Bachvarova V, Krause Y, Li JP, Kjellen L, Seidler DG, Vortkamp A, Altered heparan sulfate structure in Glce(-/-) mice leads to increased Hedgehog signaling in endochondral bones. Matrix Biol. 2016 Jan;49:82-92
4*	J:54759 Dunbar ME, Dann PR, Robinson GW, Hennighausen L, Zhang JP, Wysolmerski JJ, Parathyroid hormone-related protein signaling is necessary for sexual dimorphism during embryonic mammary development. Development. 1999 Aug;126(16):3485-93
5	J:50789 Dunbar ME, Young P, Zhang JP, McCaughern-Carucci J, Lanske B, Orloff JJ, Karaplis A, Cunha G, Wysolmerski JJ, Stromal cells are critical targets in the regulation of mammary ductal morphogenesis by parathyroid hormone-related protein. Dev Biol. 1998 Nov 1;203(1):75-89
2	J:249801 Duval C, Dilworth MR, Tunster SJ, Kimber SJ, Glazier JD, PTHrP is essential for normal morphogenetic and functional development of the murine placenta. Dev Biol. 2017 Oct 15;430(2):325-336
5	J:98530 El-Hashash AH, Kimber SJ, Esbrit P, PTHrP promotes murine secondary trophoblast giant cell differentiation through induction of endocycle, upregulation of giant-cell-promoting transcription factors and suppression of other trophoblast cell types. Differentiation. 2005 Apr;73(4):154-74
1	J:252728 Elo T, Lindfors PH, Lan Q, Voutilainen M, Trela E, Ohlsson C, Huh SH, Ornitz DM, Poutanen M, Howard BA, Mikkola ML, Ectodysplasin target gene Fgf20 regulates mammary bud growth and ductal invasion and branching during puberty. Sci Rep. 2017 Jul 11;7(1):5049
1*	J:77698 Eswarakumar VP, Monsonego-Ornan E, Pines M, Antonopoulou I, Morriss-Kay GM, Lonai P, The IIIc alternative of Fgfr2 is a positive regulator of bone formation. Development. 2002 Aug 15;129(16):3783-93
1	J:308983 Farmer DT, Mlcochova H, Zhou Y, Koelling N, Wang G, Ashley N, Bugacov H, Chen HJ, Parvez R, Tseng KC, Merrill AE, Maxson RE Jr, Wilkie AOM, Crump JG, Twigg SRF, The developing mouse coronal suture at single-cell resolution. Nat Commun. 2021 Aug 10;12(1):4797
2	J:147878 Gao B, Hu J, Stricker S, Cheung M, Ma G, Law KF, Witte F, Briscoe J, Mundlos S, He L, Cheah KS, Chan D, A mutation in Ihh that causes digit abnormalities alters its signalling capacity and range. Nature. 2009 Apr 30;458(7242):1196-200
1	J:214984 Gonzalez-Martin MC, Mallo M, Ros MA, Long bone development requires a threshold of Hox function. Dev Biol. 2014 Aug 15;392(2):454-65
1	J:226667 Goodnough LH, Dinuoscio GJ, Ferguson JW, Williams T, Lang RA, Atit RP, Distinct requirements for cranial ectoderm and mesenchyme-derived wnts in specification and differentiation of osteoblast and dermal progenitors. PLoS Genet. 2014 Feb;10(2):e1004152
1	J:117334 Gritli-Linde A, Hallberg K, Harfe BD, Reyahi A, Kannius-Janson M, Nilsson J, Cobourne MT, Sharpe PT, McMahon AP, Linde A, Abnormal hair development and apparent follicular transformation to mammary gland in the absence of hedgehog signaling. Dev Cell. 2007 Jan;12(1):99-112
1	J:189718 Gu Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Jin S, Chen Q, Goltzman D, Karaplis A, Miao D, Absence of PTHrP nuclear localization and carboxyl terminus sequences leads to abnormal brain development and function. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e41542
7*	J:189628 Guo L, Qi ST, Miao DQ, Liang XW, Li H, Ou XH, Huang X, Yang CR, Ouyang YC, Hou Y, Sun QY, Han Z, The roles of parathyroid hormone-like hormone during mouse preimplantation embryonic development. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40528
2	J:150187 Guo X, Mak KK, Taketo MM, Yang Y, The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway interacts differentially with PTHrP signaling to control chondrocyte hypertrophy and final maturation. PLoS One. 2009;4(6):e6067
1	J:117033 Haycraft CJ, Zhang Q, Song B, Jackson WS, Detloff PJ, Serra R, Yoder BK, Intraflagellar transport is essential for endochondral bone formation. Development. 2007 Jan;134(2):307-16
1*	J:153789 Hermann-Kleiter N, Ghaffari-Tabrizi N, Blumer MJ, Schwarzer C, Mazur MA, Artner I, Lasp1 misexpression influences chondrocyte differentiation in the vertebral column. Int J Dev Biol. 2009;53(7):983-91
1	J:231474 Hung IH, Schoenwolf GC, Lewandoski M, Ornitz DM, A combined series of Fgf9 and Fgf18 mutant alleles identifies unique and redundant roles in skeletal development. Dev Biol. 2016 Mar 1;411(1):72-84
1	J:253972 Hwang SH, White KA, Somatilaka BN, Shelton JM, Richardson JA, Mukhopadhyay S, The G protein-coupled receptor Gpr161 regulates forelimb formation, limb patterning and skeletal morphogenesis in a primary cilium-dependent manner. Development. 2018 Jan 8;145(1):dev154054
2*	J:54095 Inada M, Yasui T, Nomura S, Miyake S, Deguchi K, Himeno M, Sato M, Yamagiwa H, Kimura T, Yasui N, Ochi T, Endo N, Kitamura Y, Kishimoto T, Komori T, Maturational disturbance of chondrocytes in Cbfa1-deficient mice. Dev Dyn. 1999 Apr;214(4):279-90
1	J:327415 Jing J, Feng J, Yuan Y, Guo T, Lei J, Pei F, Ho TV, Chai Y, Spatiotemporal single-cell regulatory atlas reveals neural crest lineage diversification and cellular function during tooth morphogenesis. Nat Commun. 2022 Aug 16;13(1):4803
3	J:154905 Joeng KS, Long F, The Gli2 transcriptional activator is a crucial effector for Ihh signaling in osteoblast development and cartilage vascularization. Development. 2009 Dec;136(24):4177-85
2	J:182862 Jones GN, Pringle DR, Yin Z, Carlton MM, Powell KA, Weinstein MB, Toribio RE, La Perle KM, Kirschner LS, Neural crest-specific loss of Prkar1a causes perinatal lethality resulting from defects in intramembranous ossification. Mol Endocrinol. 2010 Aug;24(8):1559-68
4	J:241397 Kamper M, Paulsson M, Zaucke F, Absence of collagen IX accelerates hypertrophic differentiation in the embryonic mouse spine through a disturbance of the Ihh-PTHrP feedback loop. Cell Tissue Res. 2017 Feb;367(2):359-367
9*	J:34994 Karperien M, Lanser P, de Laat SW, Boonstra J, Defize LH, Parathyroid hormone related peptide mRNA expression during murine postimplantation development: evidence for involvement in multiple differentiation processes. Int J Dev Biol. 1996 Jun;40(3):599-608
2	J:226965 Kato K, Bhattaram P, Penzo-Mendez A, Gadi A, Lefebvre V, SOXC Transcription Factors Induce Cartilage Growth Plate Formation in Mouse Embryos by Promoting Noncanonical WNT Signaling. J Bone Miner Res. 2015 Sep;30(9):1560-71
1	J:155442 Kawaki H, Kubota S, Suzuki A, Lazar N, Yamada T, Matsumura T, Ohgawara T, Maeda T, Perbal B, Lyons KM, Takigawa M, Cooperative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation by CCN2 and CCN3 shown by a comprehensive analysis of the CCN family proteins in cartilage. J Bone Miner Res. 2008 Nov;23(11):1751-64
1	J:77683 Kobayashi T, Chung UI, Schipani E, Starbuck M, Karsenty G, Katagiri T, Goad DL, Lanske B, Kronenberg HM, PTHrP and Indian hedgehog control differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes at multiple steps. Development. 2002 Jun;129(12):2977-86
1	J:99641 Kobayashi T, Soegiarto DW, Yang Y, Lanske B, Schipani E, McMahon AP, Kronenberg HM, Indian hedgehog stimulates periarticular chondrocyte differentiation to regulate growth plate length independently of PTHrP. J Clin Invest. 2005 Jul;115(7):1734-42
1	J:270202 Kogata N, Oliemuller E, Wansbury O, Howard BA, Neuregulin-3 regulates epithelial progenitor cell positioning and specifies mammary phenotype. Stem Cells Dev. 2014 Nov 15;23(22):2758-70
1	J:239480 Kong L, Zhao YP, Tian QY, Feng JQ, Kobayashi T, Merregaert J, Liu CJ, Extracellular matrix protein 1, a direct targeting molecule of parathyroid hormone-related peptide, negatively regulates chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification via associating with progranulin growth factor. FASEB J. 2016 Aug;30(8):2741-54
2	J:75520 Kovacs CS, Chafe LL, Woodland ML, McDonald KR, Fudge NJ, Wookey PJ, Calcitropic gene expression suggests a role for the intraplacental yolk sac in maternal-fetal calcium exchange. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Mar;282(3):E721-32
6	J:110928 Kovacs CS, Manley NR, Moseley JM, Martin TJ, Kronenberg HM, Fetal parathyroids are not required to maintain placental calcium transport. J Clin Invest. 2001 Apr;107(8):1007-15
5	J:99514 Kovacs CS, Woodland ML, Fudge NJ, Friel JK, The vitamin D receptor is not required for fetal mineral homeostasis or for the regulation of placental calcium transfer in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jul;289(1):E133-44
2	J:92212 Koziel L, Kunath M, Kelly OG, Vortkamp A, Ext1-dependent heparan sulfate regulates the range of Ihh signaling during endochondral ossification. Dev Cell. 2004 Jun;6(6):801-13
2	J:102948 Koziel L, Wuelling M, Schneider S, Vortkamp A, Gli3 acts as a repressor downstream of Ihh in regulating two distinct steps of chondrocyte differentiation. Development. 2005 Dec;132(23):5249-60
5*	J:60156 Lee K, Lanske B, Karaplis AC, Deeds JD, Kohno H, Nissenson RA, Kronenberg HM, Segre GV, Parathyroid hormone-related peptide delays terminal differentiation of chondrocytes during endochondral bone development. Endocrinology. 1996 Nov;137(11):5109-18
1	J:254756 Lei R, Zhang K, Wei Y, Chen M, Weinstein LS, Hong Y, Zhu M, Li H, Li H, G-Protein alpha-Subunit Gsalpha Is Required for Craniofacial Morphogenesis. PLoS One. 2016;11(2):e0147535
2	J:227059 Li J, Sun H, Feltri ML, Mercurio AM, Integrin beta4 regulation of PTHrP underlies its contribution to mammary gland development. Dev Biol. 2015 Nov 15;407(2):313-20
1	J:307236 Li Y, Yang S, Qin L, Yang S, TAZ is required for chondrogenesis and skeletal development. Cell Discov. 2021 Apr 20;7(1):26
2*	J:203695 Lieben L, Stockmans I, Moermans K, Carmeliet G, Maternal hypervitaminosis D reduces fetal bone mass and mineral acquisition and leads to neonatal lethality. Bone. 2013 Nov;57(1):123-31
1	J:79482 Liu Y, Liu C, Yamada Y, Fan CM, growth arrest specific gene 1 acts as a region-specific mediator of the Fgf10/Fgf8 regulatory loop in the limb. Development. 2002 Nov;129(22):5289-300
1*	J:67153 Long F, Schipani E, Asahara H, Kronenberg H, Montminy M, The CREB family of activators is required for endochondral bone development. Development. 2001 Feb;128(4):541-50
1*	J:73071 Long F, Zhang XM, Karp S, Yang Y, McMahon AP, Genetic manipulation of hedgehog signaling in the endochondral skeleton reveals a direct role in the regulation of chondrocyte proliferation. Development. 2001 Dec;128(24):5099-108
1	J:152843 Luo J, Zhou W, Zhou X, Li D, Weng J, Yi Z, Cho SG, Li C, Yi T, Wu X, Li XY, de Crombrugghe B, Hook M, Liu M, Regulation of bone formation and remodeling by G-protein-coupled receptor 48. Development. 2009 Aug;136(16):2747-56
1	J:87618 Maes C, Stockmans I, Moermans K, Van Looveren R, Smets N, Carmeliet P, Bouillon R, Carmeliet G, Soluble VEGF isoforms are essential for establishing epiphyseal vascularization and regulating chondrocyte development and survival. J Clin Invest. 2004 Jan;113(2):188-99
1	J:95408 McDonald KR, Fudge NJ, Woodrow JP, Friel JK, Hoff AO, Gagel RF, Kovacs CS, Ablation of calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide-alpha impairs fetal magnesium but not calcium homeostasis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Aug;287(2):E218-26
1	J:88344 Miao D, Liu H, Plut P, Niu M, Huo R, Goltzman D, Henderson JE, Impaired endochondral bone development and osteopenia in Gli2-deficient mice. Exp Cell Res. 2004 Mar 10;294(1):210-22
1*	J:205051 Miller JA, Nathanson J, Franjic D, Shim S, Dalley RA, Shapouri S, Smith KA, Sunkin SM, Bernard A, Bennett JL, Lee CK, Hawrylycz MJ, Jones AR, Amaral DG, Sestan N, Gage FH, Lein ES, Conserved molecular signatures of neurogenesis in the hippocampal subgranular zone of rodents and primates. Development. 2013 Nov;140(22):4633-44
2	J:205339 Mis EK, Liem KF Jr, Kong Y, Schwartz NB, Domowicz M, Weatherbee SD, Forward genetics defines Xylt1 as a key, conserved regulator of early chondrocyte maturation and skeletal length. Dev Biol. 2014 Jan 1;385(1):67-82
5	J:324116 Morita R, Sanzen N, Sasaki H, Hayashi T, Umeda M, Yoshimura M, Yamamoto T, Shibata T, Abe T, Kiyonari H, Furuta Y, Nikaido I, Fujiwara H, Tracing the origin of hair follicle stem cells. Nature. 2021 Jun;594(7864):547-552
7	J:97323 Niedermaier M, Schwabe GC, Fees S, Helmrich A, Brieske N, Seemann P, Hecht J, Seitz V, Stricker S, Leschik G, Schrock E, Selby PB, Mundlos S, An inversion involving the mouse Shh locus results in brachydactyly through dysregulation of Shh expression. J Clin Invest. 2005 Apr 1;115(4):900-909
3	J:137802 Nishioka K, Itoh S, Suemoto H, Kanno S, Gai Z, Kawakatsu M, Tanishima H, Morimoto Y, Hatamura I, Yoshida M, Muragaki Y, Trps1 deficiency enlarges the proliferative zone of growth plate cartilage by upregulation of Pthrp. Bone. 2008 Jul;43(1):64-71
1	J:181485 Oh JH, Park SY, de Crombrugghe B, Kim JE, Chondrocyte-specific ablation of Osterix leads to impaired endochondral ossification. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012 Feb 24;418(4):634-40
1	J:243715 Ohta Y, Okabe T, Larmour C, Di Rocco A, Maijenburg MW, Phillips A, Speck NA, Wakitani S, Nakamura T, Yamada Y, Enomoto-Iwamoto M, Pacifici M, Iwamoto M, Articular cartilage endurance and resistance to osteoarthritic changes require transcription factor Erg. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015 Oct;67(10):2679-90
1	J:295274 Oichi T, Taniguchi Y, Soma K, Oshima Y, Yano F, Mori Y, Chijimatsu R, Kim-Kaneyama JR, Tanaka S, Saito T, Adamts17 is involved in skeletogenesis through modulation of BMP-Smad1/5/8 pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019 Dec;76(23):4795-4809
1	J:179841 Pacheco M, Valencia M, Caparros-Martin JA, Mulero F, Goodship JA, Ruiz-Perez VL, Evc works in chondrocytes and osteoblasts to regulate multiple aspects of growth plate development in the appendicular skeleton and cranial base. Bone. 2012 Jan;50(1):28-41
1	J:135374 Patra D, Xing X, Davies S, Bryan J, Franz C, Hunziker EB, Sandell LJ, Site-1 protease is essential for endochondral bone formation in mice. J Cell Biol. 2007 Nov 19;179(4):687-700
1	J:99177 Pizard A, Burgon PG, Paul DL, Bruneau BG, Seidman CE, Seidman JG, Connexin 40, a target of transcription factor Tbx5, patterns wrist, digits, and sternum. Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Jun;25(12):5073-83
3	J:147287 Retting KN, Song B, Yoon BS, Lyons KM, BMP canonical Smad signaling through Smad1 and Smad5 is required for endochondral bone formation. Development. 2009 Apr;136(7):1093-104
1	J:234703 Rockel JS, Yu C, Whetstone H, Craft AM, Reilly K, Ma H, Tsushima H, Puviindran V, Al-Jazrawe M, Keller GM, Alman BA, Hedgehog inhibits beta-catenin activity in synovial joint development and osteoarthritis. J Clin Invest. 2016 May 2;126(5):1649-63
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1	J:124105 Ruiz-Perez VL, Blair HJ, Rodriguez-Andres ME, Blanco MJ, Wilson A, Liu YN, Miles C, Peters H, Goodship JA, Evc is a positive mediator of Ihh-regulated bone growth that localises at the base of chondrocyte cilia. Development. 2007 Aug;134(16):2903-12
4	J:340421 Ruscitto A, Chen P, Tosa I, Wang Z, Zhou G, Safina I, Wei R, Morel MM, Koch A, Forman M, Reeve G, Lecholop MK, Wilson M, Bonthius D, Chen M, Ono M, Wang TC, Yao H, Embree MC, Lgr5-expressing secretory cells form a Wnt inhibitory niche in cartilage critical for chondrocyte identity. Cell Stem Cell. 2023 Sep 7;30(9):1179-1198.e7
1	J:61509 Satokata I, Ma L, Ohshima H, Bei M, Woo I, Nishizawa K, Maeda T, Takano Y, Uchiyama M, Heaney S, Peters H, Tang Z, Maxson R, Maas R, Msx2 deficiency in mice causes pleiotropic defects in bone growth and ectodermal organ formation. Nat Genet. 2000 Apr;24(4):391-5
2*	J:88955 Schwabe GC, Trepczik B, Suring K, Brieske N, Tucker AS, Sharpe PT, Minami Y, Mundlos S, Ror2 knockout mouse as a model for the developmental pathology of autosomal recessive Robinow syndrome. Dev Dyn. 2004 Feb;229(2):400-10
3*	J:71996 Selleri L, Depew MJ, Jacobs Y, Chanda SK, Tsang KY, Cheah KS, Rubenstein JL, O'Gorman S, Cleary ML, Requirement for Pbx1 in skeletal patterning and programming chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Development. 2001 Sep;128(18):3543-57
1*	J:83132 Settle SH Jr, Rountree RB, Sinha A, Thacker A, Higgins K, Kingsley DM, Multiple joint and skeletal patterning defects caused by single and double mutations in the mouse Gdf6 and Gdf5 genes. Dev Biol. 2003 Feb 1;254(1):116-30
2	J:190524 Shalom-Barak T, Zhang X, Chu T, Timothy Schaiff W, Reddy JK, Xu J, Sadovsky Y, Barak Y, Placental PPARgamma regulates spatiotemporally diverse genes and a unique metabolic network. Dev Biol. 2012 Dec 1;372(1):143-55
2*	J:117221 Shibukawa Y, Young B, Wu C, Yamada S, Long F, Pacifici M, Koyama E, Temporomandibular joint formation and condyle growth require Indian hedgehog signaling. Dev Dyn. 2007 Feb;236(2):426-34
1	J:238111 Shirokova V, Biggs LC, Jussila M, Ohyama T, Groves AK, Mikkola ML, Foxi3 Deficiency Compromises Hair Follicle Stem Cell Specification and Activation. Stem Cells. 2016 Jul;34(7):1896-908
2	J:88817 Smits P, Dy P, Mitra S, Lefebvre V, Sox5 and Sox6 are needed to develop and maintain source, columnar, and hypertrophic chondrocytes in the cartilage growth plate. J Cell Biol. 2004 Mar 1;164(5):747-58
1*	J:80666 Smits P, Li P, Mandel J, Zhang Z, Deng JM, Behringer RR, de Croumbrugghe B, Lefebvre V, The transcription factors L-Sox5 and Sox6 are essential for cartilage formation. Dev Cell. 2001 Aug;1(2):277-90
1	J:137353 Sohaskey ML, Yu J, Diaz MA, Plaas AH, Harland RM, JAWS coordinates chondrogenesis and synovial joint positioning. Development. 2008 Jul;135(13):2215-20
3	J:134924 Spagnoli A, O'Rear L, Chandler RL, Granero-Molto F, Mortlock DP, Gorska AE, Weis JA, Longobardi L, Chytil A, Shimer K, Moses HL, TGF-beta signaling is essential for joint morphogenesis. J Cell Biol. 2007 Jun 18;177(6):1105-17
1	J:119030 Spater D, Hill TP, O'sullivan RJ, Gruber M, Conner DA, Hartmann C, Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and regulation of Ihh during chondrogenesis. Development. 2006 Aug;133(15):3039-49
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