Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• cauda epididymis shows complete lack of spermatozoa and only a few spermatozoa are seen in the epididymal lumen
• sperm count is significantly decreased
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• caudal epididymis only contains malformed spermatozoa
• abnormal sperm heads with short tails and normal sperm heads with curly tails are major defect types, but spermatozoa with normal sperm head and short tail, abnormal sperm head and curly tail, normal sperm head and no tail, and abnormal sperm head and no tail are also seen
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• spermatozoa exhibit short, coiled, or absent flagella
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• outer dense fibers are abnormally organized in spermatozoa
• several extra outer dense fibers are seen in the flagellum
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• the axoneme is absent in step 2-3 spermatids, abnormally formed flagella are found in the testis during step 4-6
• axonemes are abnormally organized in spermatozoa
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• in some spermatozoa
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• in some spermatozoa
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• in some spermatozoa
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• abnormal sperm heads
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• manchette formation is normal in step 8-10 spermatids, while manchettes are abnormally longer during step 11-13
• during the chromatin condensation period starting from step 11 spermatids, the manchette appear abnormally long and the perinuclear ring constricts the sperm nucleus, causing severe defects in sperm head formation
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• during the chromatin condensation period starting from step 11 spermatids, the perinuclear ring constricts the sperm nucleus
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• manchettes are abnormally longer during step 11-13 of spermiogenesis
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• no motile spermatozoa are seen and sperm motility parameters such as straight-line velocity, curvi linear velocity, and amplitude of lateral head displacement are at zero
• however, no differences in the beating of trachea cilia indicating no differences in cilia mobility in the respiratory tract
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• most prominent defects are seen at the spermatid stage of spermiogenesis, where abnormally elongated and constricted sperm heads are seen
• analysis of sperm head shaping indicates normal acrosome and nucleus morphology from step 1 to step 8 and normal morphology of elongated heads at step 9-10 but abnormal club-shaped heads at step 11 spermatids which become more apparent between step 11 and 16
• mice show impaired sperm flagellum biogenesis, with absent axoneme in step 2-3 spermatids and abnormally formed flagella during step 4-6
• mice show impaired manchette function
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• males fail to produce offspring after mating with wild-type females despite normal mounting behaviors and production of coital plugs
• however, testis size and testis weight to body weight ratio are normal, and Sertoli cells are not affected
• however, female fertility is normal
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cellular
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• cauda epididymis shows complete lack of spermatozoa and only a few spermatozoa are seen in the epididymal lumen
• sperm count is significantly decreased
|
|
|
• caudal epididymis only contains malformed spermatozoa
• abnormal sperm heads with short tails and normal sperm heads with curly tails are major defect types, but spermatozoa with normal sperm head and short tail, abnormal sperm head and curly tail, normal sperm head and no tail, and abnormal sperm head and no tail are also seen
|
|
|
• spermatozoa exhibit short, coiled, or absent flagella
|
|
|
• outer dense fibers are abnormally organized in spermatozoa
• several extra outer dense fibers are seen in the flagellum
|
|
|
• the axoneme is absent in step 2-3 spermatids, abnormally formed flagella are found in the testis during step 4-6
• axonemes are abnormally organized in spermatozoa
|
|
|
• in some spermatozoa
|
|
|
• in some spermatozoa
|
|
|
• in some spermatozoa
|
|
|
• abnormal sperm heads
|
|
|
• manchette formation is normal in step 8-10 spermatids, while manchettes are abnormally longer during step 11-13
• during the chromatin condensation period starting from step 11 spermatids, the manchette appear abnormally long and the perinuclear ring constricts the sperm nucleus, causing severe defects in sperm head formation
|
|
|
• during the chromatin condensation period starting from step 11 spermatids, the perinuclear ring constricts the sperm nucleus
|
|
|
• manchettes are abnormally longer during step 11-13 of spermiogenesis
|
|
|
• no motile spermatozoa are seen and sperm motility parameters such as straight-line velocity, curvi linear velocity, and amplitude of lateral head displacement are at zero
• however, no differences in the beating of trachea cilia indicating no differences in cilia mobility in the respiratory tract
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Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
| male infertility | DOID:12336 | J:344445 | ||
