mortality/aging
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• median survival is reduced in successive generations compared to in wild-type mice
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digestive/alimentary system
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• regardless of generation
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• intestinal cell proliferation is impaired compared to in wild-type mice
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• mice exhibit mild to severe intestinal atrophy unlike wild-type mice that worsens in successive generations
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cellular
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• telomeres become progressively shorter each generation unlike in wild-type mice
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• mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from third generation mice exhibit decreased immortalization ability under a 3T3 cell passage protocol compared with similarly treated wild-type cells
• sister chromatid exchange in MEFs is increased compared to in wild-type cells
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• regardless of generation
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• intestinal cell proliferation is impaired compared to in wild-type mice
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• cells from the small intestine exhibit an increase in gamma-H2AX foci, indicative of DNA damage, compared with cells from wild-type mice
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• mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit in increase in microsatellite instability compared with wild-type cells
• end-to-end chromosome fusions in MEFs are increased compared to in wild-type cells
• MEFs from late generation mice exhibit an increase in chromosome breaks, fragments, bivalent recombination figures, and complex aberrations compared with wild-type cells
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neoplasm
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• the incidence of lymphomas decreases in successive generation
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• cells from the small intestine exhibit an increase in gamma-H2AX foci, indicative of DNA damage, compared with cells from wild-type mice
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