Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• embryonic lethality occurs between E10.5 and E11.5
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embryo
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• E10.5 embryonic blood vessels do not invade the labyrinthine layer to the same extent as seen in control placentas
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• yolk sac vessels of E10.5 embryos remain in a honeycomb pattern instead of developing into the large vitelline vessels
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• 58% of E10.5 embryos have marked general delay of development
• 19% of E10.5 embryos have little to no signs of developmental delays
• 23% of E10.5 embryos have general growth arrest, a failure to complete turning and/or signs of resorption
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• somite vasculature is poorly defined in E10.5 embyros
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• E10.5 placenta has few nucleated red blood cells
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• E9.5 homozygous embryos can be distinguished from other genotypes by their pale, wrinkled yolk sacs
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• at E10.5, the different layers of the placenta are difficult to define and appear poorly organized
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cardiovascular system
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• at E9.5, the dorsal aorta is irregular in appearance and thinner than controls
• at E10.5, the dorsal aorta is highly irregular in appearance and has narrow lumens
• in most embryos the dorsal aorta fails to fuse and instead remain present as two stenotic DA
• mural cells are hardly detectable in the dorsal aorta of E10.5 embryos
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• in the head of E10.5 embryos, the cephalic plexus vasculature fails to remodel into a hierarchical branched network
• a coarse vascular network with poorly organized vessels makes it difficult to distinguish the internal carotid artery or primary head veins
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• E10.5 embryonic blood vessels do not invade the labyrinthine layer to the same extent as seen in control placentas
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• cardinal veins of E10.5 embryos are dilated
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• yolk sac vessels of E10.5 embryos remain in a honeycomb pattern instead of developing into the large vitelline vessels
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• there is a paucity of cells in the cushions in the atrioventricular canal of E10.5 embryos
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• sinus venosus of E10.5 embryos are dilated
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• E10.5 embryos have enlarged atria to the degree that the more severe cases have distortion of the embryo
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• in E10.5 embryos that do not have severe growth arrest, the heart is 17% bigger than controls
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• ventricular trabeculations are strongly reduced in E10.5 embryos with, in some extreme cases, detachment of the endocardial cells from the myocardium
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• most E10.5 embryos suffer from pericardial edema to varying degrees
• half of E10.5 embryos have hemorrhaging in the pericardial cavity and in the trunk
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• most E10.5 embryos suffer from pericardial edema to varying degrees
• half of E10.5 embryos have hemorrhaging in the pericardial cavity and in the trunk
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nervous system
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• in the head of E10.5 embryos, the cephalic plexus vasculature fails to remodel into a hierarchical branched network
• a coarse vascular network with poorly organized vessels makes it difficult to distinguish the internal carotid artery or primary head veins
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• in the head of E10.5 embryos, the cephalic plexus vasculature fails to remodel into a hierarchical branched network
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growth/size/body
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• in E10.5 embryos that do not have severe growth arrest, the heart is 17% bigger than controls
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