Analysis Tools
cardiovascular system
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• mean blood vessel diameter is increased by 25%
• exhibit regional dilations along the blood vessel length that are not seen in wild-type
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• the circumferential length of endothelial cell junctions is reduced by 25%, indicating that endothelial cells, on average, are more densely packed in capillary walls
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• exhibit endothelial cell hyperplasia in the brain from E11.5 on, however hyperplasia is not seen in the perineural vascular plexus surrounding the brain
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• exhibit loss and altered organization of pericytes in placentas; pericytes are found in the labyrinthine layer but are reduced by about 50% and are completely absent from the spongiotrophoblast layer
• pericytes are displaced from multicellular core aggregates to scattered sites in the walls of dilated fetal vessels
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• fetal vessels are dilated to a varying degree in placentas; seen by E13.5
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• the fetal vessel parametric length and area is increased relative to the maternal lacunas in the labyrinthine layer at E17
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embryo
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• fetal vessels are dilated to a varying degree in placentas; seen by E13.5
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• the fetal vessel parametric length and area is increased relative to the maternal lacunas in the labyrinthine layer at E17
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• nonendothelial labyrinthine cell number, dominated by the trophoblasts, is reduced by about 40%
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