embryo
• at E12.5 the boundary of Hoxa9 expression in the paraxial mesoderm is shifted ventrally
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skeleton
• rudimentary or missing thirteenth rib in 70% of mice
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• rudimentary or missing thirteenth rib indicates transformation of T13 to L1
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• S1 duplication in 63% of mice, indicative of S2 to S1 transformation
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hematopoietic system
• increase in the number of mixed colony forming units (GEMM-CFU) formed by cultured splenocytes
• cell from splenocyte colony forming assays form larger secondary colonies in replating assays and are able to form tertiary and quaternary colonies unlike wild-type cells
however, in vivo cell counts in the bone marrow, spleen and blood are similar to wild type
• progenitor cells have a 2-fold increase in BrdU incorporation and a 50% increase in the amount of apoptosis
• progenitor cells are able to survive in culture for more than 4 months compared to less than 18 days for wild-type cells
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• increase in the number of myeloid colony forming units (GM-CFU) formed by cultured splenocytes
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• increase in the number of erythroid burst forming units (BFU-E) formed by cultured splenocytes
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• 5- to 20-fold increase in the number of Ter119+ erythroid cells in the spleen
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neoplasm
N |
• despite changes in hematopoiesis and Hoxa gene expression mice do not develop leukemia
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immune system
• increase in the number of myeloid colony forming units (GM-CFU) formed by cultured splenocytes
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