mortality/aging
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• mice die within 24 hours of birth due to cardiac defects
• mortality rate less than 50% on both 129 and C57BL/6 backgrounds
• mortality rate increases on CD1 background with each successive backcross
• crossing heterozygotes from the fourth CD1 backcross generation results in 96% mortality
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cardiovascular system
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• aortic arch abnormalities involving interruptions between the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries (type B) or the brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries (type C) occurred in all mice that died perinatally
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• duplication of the left common carotid is infrequently observed
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• seen in one mutant embryo
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• defects detected in the membranous portion of the ventricular septum but not in the muscular septum
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nervous system
| N |
• no misprojections of the cranial nerves were detected
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embryo
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• patterning of neural crest cells in the outflow tract of the heart is altered in mutant mice
• altered expression of Foxc1, endothelin receptor A, and plexinA2 suggests that neural crest cell invasion of the outflow tract is significantly impaired in mutant embryos
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cellular
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• patterning of neural crest cells in the outflow tract of the heart is altered in mutant mice
• altered expression of Foxc1, endothelin receptor A, and plexinA2 suggests that neural crest cell invasion of the outflow tract is significantly impaired in mutant embryos
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