embryo
• a mass of mesodermal cells extending to the apical surface of the ectoderm fills much of the posterior amniotic cavity
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• at the 2 to 8 somite stage, over 75% of embryos show patch or reduced Nodal expression and lack expression in the left lateral plate mesoderm
• in about 65% of embryos at the 3 to 4 somite stage Lefty2 expression is absent from the lateral plate mesoderm
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• an abnormal posterior bulge is present from the headfold to 6 somite stage
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• node is either flat or slightly convex with an irregular periphery in embryos from the headfold to 6 somite stage unlike in controls where it is concave
• one embryo had large endoderm-like cells within the node
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• much of the posterior amniotic cavity is filled up by a mass of mesodermal cells that extends to the apical surface of the ectoderm
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cardiovascular system
• at the 9 to 10 somite stage in about 50% of embryos the heart tube lies centrally along the midline and shows no signs of looping
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