Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• female mice exhibit normal fertility
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• sperm concentration is reduced to only 38.5% of normal
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• nearly all sperm have abnormal morphology, with 93.4% +/- 2.7% of sperm exhibiting bent necks
• while morphology of spermatozoa in seminiferous tubules appears normal, in the caput epididymis, spermatozoa with both bent and unbent necks are seen, and in the cauda epididymis, majority of spermatozoa exhibit bent necks
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• sperm exhibit malformed heads
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• cauda epididymis of adult males (2-3 months of age) exhibit macrosperm
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• percentage of motile spermatozoa is reduced (49.4% +/- 12.1% vs. 80.4% +/- 5.9% in wild-type)
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• cytoplasmic droplet formation initiates during spermiogenesis but incorporation of saccular elements is impaired and proper migration is blocked during epididymal transit
• caput spermatozoa with unbent necks exhibit a distinguishable bulb in the neck region compared to wild-type in which the cytoplasmic droplet in most caput sperm already migrated to the flagellar body
• in cauda epididymides, none of the sperm have cytoplasmic droplets properly positioned at the midpiece, with most retained in the neck region
• the retained cytoplasmic droplets of epididymal sperm remain attached to sperm heads and lack saccular elements, however vesicular components are seen in the cytoplasm of spermatids
• cytoplasmic droplets fail to migrate from the neck down the flagellum od spermatozoa during epididymal maturation
• cytoplasmic droplets exhibit an abnormal proteome which initiates in round spermatids
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• males produce zero offspring event though mating occurs and the presence of vaginal plugs
• however, testis gross morphology appears normal, wet weight of testis, epididymides, and seminal vesicles are normal, indicating normal development of male reproductive tract, and no abnormalities of seminiferous epithelium or cauda epididymis are seen
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• in vitro fertilization with denuded wild-type oocytes is reduced, with the number of spermatozoa bound per oocyte being 1.3 +/- 1 compared to 13.5 +/- 2.2 for wild-type and with no oocyte reaching the two-cell stage
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cellular
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• sperm concentration is reduced to only 38.5% of normal
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|
|
• nearly all sperm have abnormal morphology, with 93.4% +/- 2.7% of sperm exhibiting bent necks
• while morphology of spermatozoa in seminiferous tubules appears normal, in the caput epididymis, spermatozoa with both bent and unbent necks are seen, and in the cauda epididymis, majority of spermatozoa exhibit bent necks
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|
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• sperm exhibit malformed heads
|
|
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• cauda epididymis of adult males (2-3 months of age) exhibit macrosperm
|
|
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• percentage of motile spermatozoa is reduced (49.4% +/- 12.1% vs. 80.4% +/- 5.9% in wild-type)
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