growth/size/body
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• at 4 months of age, males, but not females, have a reduced body length
• however, mice show normal weight gain over the first 16 weeks of life
|
|
• females, but not males, show a 17% increase in spleen weight
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hematopoietic system
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• females, but not males, show a 17% increase in spleen weight
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• spleen shows megakaryocyte hyperplasia associated with abnormal megakaryocyte distribution
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• mice show a reduction in circulating platelets
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homeostasis/metabolism
• mice show a tendency towards elevated creatine kinase levels
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immune system
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• females, but not males, show a 17% increase in spleen weight
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muscle
• myofibers show presence of tubular aggregates with length of up to 75 um, a width ranging from 2-8 um, and cross-section diameter of individual membrane tubules of 80-90 nm
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• mice show muscle weakness associated with myofiber atrophy
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• tibialis anterior muscle shows a decrease of average myofiber diameter and an increased ratio of internalized nuclei and calcium-rich fibers indicating muscle fiber degeneration
• calcium deposits are more prominent in males than females
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• tibialis anterior muscle shows reduced maximal muscle force
• muscle force is normal at low stimulation frequencies of 20-50 Hz and is decreased at higher stimulation frequencies of 75-150 Hz
• primary myoblasts show an increase in resting calcium levels
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• mice show abnormal fatigue curves with absence of muscle force increase in males after 10 stimulations and a similar tendency in females
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skeleton
• almost all mice exhibit kyphosis
• spine curvature is more pronounced in males with 37.5% of males showing high-degree kyphosis which is not seen in females and 50% of males showing low-degree kyphosis and 70% of females showing low-degree kyphosis
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Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
Stormorken syndrome | DOID:0060354 |
OMIM:185070 |
J:372266 | |
tubular aggregate myopathy 2 | DOID:0080686 |
OMIM:615883 |
J:372266 |