growth/size/body
• mice fed a high-fat diet exhibit an increase in fat mass
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• mice fed a standard diet exhibit an increase in body weight during middle age
• however, mice show no alterations in food consumption
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• 6-week-old mice challenged with a high-fat diet for 3 months exhibit increased body weight despite maintaining normal food intake, indicating a greater diet-induced obesity
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adipose tissue
• mice fed a high-fat diet show a greater expansion of iWAT and eWAT compared to controls
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• mice fed a standard diet show an increase in the volume of all three adipose tissue types
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• mice fed a high-fat diet exhibit an increase in fat mass
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• accumulation of lipids in the brown adipose tissue (BAT)
• mice fed a high-fat diet accumulate more lipids in BAT
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• adipocytes are enlarged in both the iWAT and eWAT
• mice fed a high-fat diet show a larger size of adipocytes within iWAT and eWAT
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homeostasis/metabolism
• mice exposed to acute cold conditions exhibit a compromised ability to maintain their core body temperature under cold stress and show lower surface temperature, indicating reduced heat production
• mice fed a high-fat diet have an impaired capacity to maintain their core temperature during cold exposure and surface temperature is downregulated
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• mice exhibit deceased energy expenditure; this decrease is not attributed to changes in locomotor activity
• energy expenditure is lower in mice fed a high-fat diet
• however, mice exhibit normal respiratory exchange ratio when fed either a standard diet or high-fat diet
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• 6-week-old mice challenged with a high-fat diet for 3 months exhibit increased body weight despite maintaining normal food intake, indicating a greater diet-induced obesity
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• glucose tolerance test shows impaired glucose tolerance in middle-aged mice
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• insulin tolerance test shows an impairment in insulin sensitivity in middle-aged mice
• mice fed a high-fat diet exhibit worse whole-body insulin sensitivity than high-fat fed controls
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