Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• mice show neonatal lethality, with 50% mortality by 2 days of age
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growth/size/body
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• mice show a reduction in body size immediately after birth
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cardiovascular system
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• cardiac sections from 5-day-old hearts show 6% of the total nuclei being positive for H2AX phosphorylation, indicating an increase in DNA damage
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• cardiomyocytes from P1 hearts exhibit bigger nuclei than controls at both baseline and after compression (subjected to mechanical stress), indicating nuclear instability and alterations in chromatin organization
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• cardiac sections from 5-day-old hearts show a decrease in cellular proliferation and an increase in apoptotic cells
• the percentage of apoptotic nuclei is almost the same as the percentage of cells that show DNA damage, suggesting that DNA damage triggers cell death
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• dilation of atrial and ventricular chambers
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• echocardiography shows a reduction in both ejection fraction and fractional shortening within the first 10 days of life
• mice show systolic dysfunction with severely impaired contraction of the left ventricle
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• cardiomyocytes isolated from P1 hearts subjected to mechanical stretching triggers exacerbated DNA damage
• cardiomyocytes fail to adapt to mechanical stress and nuclei show blebs rather than increasing their solidity indicating that nuclear envelope is more susceptible to deformations under mechanical stress
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muscle
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• cardiomyocytes from P1 hearts exhibit bigger nuclei than controls at both baseline and after compression (subjected to mechanical stress), indicating nuclear instability and alterations in chromatin organization
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• dilation of atrial and ventricular chambers
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