skeleton
• the number and area of adipocytes in tibial marrow are reduced by 60 and 68%, respectively in females and by 73 and 81%, respectively, in males
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• following osteogenic treatment, osteoblast differentiation from bone marrow stromal cells is increased
• differentiation potential of calvarial pre-osteoblastic cells toward osteoblasts is enhanced
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• osteoclast formation from osteoclast precursor cells is suppressed
• under osteoclastogenic induction, bone marrow cells form fewer osteoclasts
• when co-cultured with wild-type bone marrow macrophages, mutant bone marrow stromal cells show suppressed osteoclast formation
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• number of osteoclasts is reduced by 58% in females and by 42% in males
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• proximal tibial metaphysis trabecular bone mineral content/total volume is increased by 122% in 24-week-old mice
• trabecular bone mineral content/total volume is increased in lumbar vertebrae
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• alkaline phosphatase-positive osteoblasts are increased by 46% in females and by 62% in males
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• proximal tibial metaphysis trabecular bone mineral content/total volume is increased by 122% in 24-week-old mice
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• proximal tibial metaphysis trabecular bone volume/total volume is increased by 96% in 24-week-old mice
• trabecular bone volume/total volume is increased in lumbar vertebrae
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• proximal tibial metaphysis trabecular number is slightly increased in 12-week-old mice and is increased by 55% in 24-week-old mice
• trabecular number is increased in lumbar vertebrae
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• proximal tibial metaphysis trabecular spacing is slightly decreased in both males and females at 12 weeks of age and is reduced by 37% in 24-week-old females
• trabecular spacing is decreased in lumbar vertebrae
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• 24-week-old mice exhibit greater cancellous bone mass in the proximal metaphysis of tibiae
• mice exhibit prevention of ovariectomy-induced bone loss
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• mineral apposition rate, mineralizing surface/bone surface and bone formation rate/bone surface are increased in females
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• serum level of procollagen type I N-terminal peptide (PINP), a bone formation marker, is increased in both males and females
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• serum level of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, a bone resorption maker, is decreased in both males and females indicating reduced bone resorption
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adipose tissue
• the number and area of adipocytes in tibial marrow are reduced by 60 and 68%, respectively in females and by 73 and 81%, respectively, in males
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• following adipogenic treatment, adipocyte differentiation from bone marrow stromal cells is impaired
• differentiation potential of calvarial pre-osteoblastic cells toward adipocytes is suppressed
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cellular
• following adipogenic treatment, adipocyte differentiation from bone marrow stromal cells is impaired
• differentiation potential of calvarial pre-osteoblastic cells toward adipocytes is suppressed
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• following osteogenic treatment, osteoblast differentiation from bone marrow stromal cells is increased
• differentiation potential of calvarial pre-osteoblastic cells toward osteoblasts is enhanced
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• osteoclast formation from osteoclast precursor cells is suppressed
• under osteoclastogenic induction, bone marrow cells form fewer osteoclasts
• when co-cultured with wild-type bone marrow macrophages, mutant bone marrow stromal cells show suppressed osteoclast formation
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hematopoietic system
• osteoclast formation from osteoclast precursor cells is suppressed
• under osteoclastogenic induction, bone marrow cells form fewer osteoclasts
• when co-cultured with wild-type bone marrow macrophages, mutant bone marrow stromal cells show suppressed osteoclast formation
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• number of osteoclasts is reduced by 58% in females and by 42% in males
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homeostasis/metabolism
• serum levels of RANKL are lower
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immune system
• osteoclast formation from osteoclast precursor cells is suppressed
• under osteoclastogenic induction, bone marrow cells form fewer osteoclasts
• when co-cultured with wild-type bone marrow macrophages, mutant bone marrow stromal cells show suppressed osteoclast formation
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• number of osteoclasts is reduced by 58% in females and by 42% in males
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