Analysis Tools
digestive/alimentary system
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• mice raised under SPF conditions grow healthy and show normal large intestine and ileum histology with no apparent changes in ER morphology of colonic epithelia at 8 weeks of age or any significant inflammatory changes in the large intestine at 1 year of age
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• whole-cell lysates of colonic epithelial cells from 8-week-old mice show increased protein expression of occludin (a component of tight junction molecules); moreover, occludin is broadly expressed in the cytoplasm, rather than the apical side, of colonic epithelia, indicating altered occludin distribution
• protein expression of SRPRB, GRP78 and GNB2 is increased in colonic epithelial cells, indicating altered expression patterns of RNF186 substrates
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• at 8 weeks and 1 year of age, the permeability of small organic solutes, such as dextran and Lucifer yellow, is significantly increased in the large intestine relative to wild-type controls
• however, the permeability of inorganic ions in the large intestine is normal
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• DSS-treated mice show significantly higher numbers of TUNEL- and active caspase-3-positive cells in colonic epithelial cells than DSS-treated wild-type controls at 4 days after treatment
• tunicamycin-treated mice show significantly higher numbers of TUNEL-positive cells in colonic epithelial cells than tunicamycin-treated wild-type controls at 48 h after treatment
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• following oral administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), mice show more severe weight loss and a reduced survival rate, with a significantly higher colitis score than DSS-treated wild-type controls at 4 and 8 days after treatment, as well as enhanced protein expression of SRPRB, GRP78, and GNB2 in colonic epithelial cells at 4 days after treatment
• oxazolone-treated mice show a more severe weight loss at 1 and 2 days after treatment, with a significantly higher colitis score than oxazolone-treated wild-type controls at 4 after treatment
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• following oral administration of DSS, mice show a significantly lower survival rate than DSS-treated wild-type controls at 8 to 12 days after treatment
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cellular
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• DSS-treated mice show significantly higher numbers of TUNEL- and active caspase-3-positive cells in colonic epithelial cells than DSS-treated wild-type controls at 4 days after treatment
• tunicamycin-treated mice show significantly higher numbers of TUNEL-positive cells in colonic epithelial cells than tunicamycin-treated wild-type controls at 48 h after treatment
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• DSS-treated mice exhibit enhanced ER stress in colonic epithelial cells, as shown by markedly increased expression of CHOP and spliced XBP1 (sXBP1) at 4 days after treatment
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mortality/aging
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• following oral administration of DSS, mice show a significantly lower survival rate than DSS-treated wild-type controls at 8 to 12 days after treatment
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• following i.p. injection of tunicamycin (an ER stress inducer), 13 of 18 mice succumb within 96 h of challenge relative to only 1 of 13 tunicamycin-treated wild-type controls
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immune system
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• following oral administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), mice show more severe weight loss and a reduced survival rate, with a significantly higher colitis score than DSS-treated wild-type controls at 4 and 8 days after treatment, as well as enhanced protein expression of SRPRB, GRP78, and GNB2 in colonic epithelial cells at 4 days after treatment
• oxazolone-treated mice show a more severe weight loss at 1 and 2 days after treatment, with a significantly higher colitis score than oxazolone-treated wild-type controls at 4 after treatment
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• following oral administration of DSS, mice show a significantly lower survival rate than DSS-treated wild-type controls at 8 to 12 days after treatment
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• following i.p. injection of tunicamycin (an ER stress inducer), 13 of 18 mice succumb within 96 h of challenge relative to only 1 of 13 tunicamycin-treated wild-type controls
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