mortality/aging
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• Background Sensitivity: mice on the mixed C57BL/6J and DBA/2J background survive the periweaning period and live for several months compared to mice on a congenic C57BL/6J mice which die before or shortly after weaning
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digestive/alimentary system
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• the mucus layer in the colon appears thinner and occasionally discontinued
• the number of mucin layers is almost absent in the colon
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• small, but significant, decrease in goblet cell number in the colon
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• the mucus layer in the colon appears thinner
• thickness of the inner mucus layer is reduced
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• commensal bacteria penetrate the inner mucus layer and are detected in the mucosa and submucosa of the intestine and are increased in number indicating impaired gut barrier function; bacteria infiltration occurs at segments where the inner and outer mucus layers are not formed properly and bacteria are seen inside and close to epithelial cells
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• reduction in water content in feces
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• mice show a delay in gastrointestinal transit time
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• mice show a deficit in water secretion in the intestine
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• mice show abnormal goblet cell mucus granule exocytosis
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• small, but significant, increase in CD3+ lymphocytes in the colon indicating low inflammation
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• small, but significant, decrease in goblet cell number in the colon
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• colon submucosal glands secrete mucus that remains attached to the epithelium
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hematopoietic system
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• small, but significant, increase in CD3+ lymphocytes in the colon indicating low inflammation; this is localized in isolated regions of the intestine
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immune system
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• small, but significant, increase in CD3+ lymphocytes in the colon indicating low inflammation
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• small, but significant, increase in CD3+ lymphocytes in the colon indicating low inflammation; this is localized in isolated regions of the intestine
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• mice show decreased clearance of enteric Citrobacter rodentium infection with an aggravated inflammatory response to infection indicating a reduced ability of the intestine to clear bacterial infections
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cellular
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• small, but significant, decrease in goblet cell number in the colon
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• mice show abnormal goblet cell mucus granule exocytosis
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• mice show defective goblet cell mucus exocytosis leading to secretion of intact mucin granules into the lumen of the large intestine, mucin granules abnormally plugging the apical membrane, and intact mucin granules floating in the lumen of the large intestine
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