mortality/aging
|
• born at Mendelian frequencies but fail to survive the perinatal transition
|
homeostasis/metabolism
|
• hypoketotic with an approximately 3.5 fold decrease in serum ketones
|
|
• serum lactate levels are over 5mM
|
|
• decreased glucose levels in the liver
|
hypoglycemia
(
J:277086
)
|
• median blood glucose of 47 mg/dl compared to 77 mg/dl in controls
• however, insulin levels are unchanged from controls
|
liver/biliary system
|
• decreased glucose levels and increased pyruvate and lactate levels
• increase in levels of amino acids whose catabolism occurs in mitochondria
|
|
• smaller
|
cardiovascular system
|
• increase in levels of amino acids whose catabolism occurs in mitochondria
|
|
• smaller
|
cellular
|
• smaller
|
|
• smaller
|
|
• decreased citrate synthase activity and reduced coenzyme Q levels
• differences are not seen when normalized to total mitochondrial protein content
|
|
• expression analysis in the heart and liver indicate defects in mitochondrial biogenesis
|
growth/size/body
muscle
|
• smaller
|


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