reproductive system
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• only 1% of sperm are motile
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• spermatogenesis is abnormal, however spermiogenesis in the testes is normal
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• outer dense fibers are disrupted
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• axonemes are disrupted
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• sperm have abnormal mitochondria with abnormal mitochondria formation
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• abnormal sperm heads are seen in the epididymis
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• acephalic sperm are seen in the epididymis
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• no male mice produce any pups after mating with wild-type females
• however, testes and epididymides are grossly normal, and testis and epididymal sperm count are normal
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• intracytoplasmic sperm injection of wild-type oocytes results in premature chromosome condensation and failure to develop to the two-cell stage, indicating that sperm exhibit reduced oocyte activation
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• sperm fail to fertilize wild-type oocytes in in vitro fertilization
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cellular
|
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• outer dense fibers are disrupted
|
|
|
• axonemes are disrupted
|
|
|
• sperm have abnormal mitochondria with abnormal mitochondria formation
|
|
|
• abnormal sperm heads are seen in the epididymis
|
|
|
• acephalic sperm are seen in the epididymis
|
|
|
• only 1% of sperm are motile
|


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