behavior/neurological
• homozygotes exhibit a significant increase in immobility time during the tail suspension test, indicating increased depression-like behavior
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• homozygotes show a significant increase in distance travelled, stay period in center zone, and center zone entries in the open field test relative to wild-type controls
• homozygotes make significantly more transitions between light and dark areas in the light-dark box test than wild-type controls
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homeostasis/metabolism
• homozygotes show a 2-fold increase of MG-H1 levels, an advanced glycation end product (AGE) derived from methylglyoxal (MG) in liver homogenates relative to wild-type controls
• however, no differences in MG-H1, argpyrimidine (another AGE derived from MG), pentosidine (an AGE derived from ribose), carboxymethyl lysine (an AGE derived from glyoxal), or total glutathione (GSH) levels are observed in brain homogenates
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