Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• female mice are fertile
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• outer dense fiber aberrations are observed in the principal piece
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• although formation of the head-to-tail coupling apparatus (HTCA) is normal, condensed spermatids and epididymal spermatozoa exhibit a diminished attachment site with obvious detachment of the lateral parts of the basal plate from the nuclear membrane, suggesting that tightening of the sperm head-to-tail anchorage is affected
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• principal piece region shows numerical and structural aberrations with disorganized or missing microtubule doublets and their accompanying outer dense fibers
• in contrast, midpiece formation is normal with a well-organized mitochondrial sheath, axoneme and outer dense fibers
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• epididymal spermatozoa are rarely found but, if present, are misshapen
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• as spermiogenesis proceeds, spermatids exhibit a severely malformed acrosome
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• epididymal sperm exhibit a characteristic malformed, globular head
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• spermatid nuclei do not properly elongate and remain spherical with a malformed acrosome
• although nuclear condensation is observed, reshaping and final nuclear compaction do not occur
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• round spermatids appear normal with a properly developed acrosome; however, as spermiogenesis proceeds spermatids lack a distinct manchette and show severe malformation of the nucleus and the acrosome
• elongated spermatids are rarely found in the testis and epididymis
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• manchettes are malformed and frequently detached indicating impaired linkage of the manchette to the spermatid nucleus
• however, manchette microtubules are acetylated indicating the presence of stable microtubules and a sperm tail develops at the posterior pole of the nucleus similar to wild-type cells
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• spermatid manchette is frequently detached from the nuclear envelope
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• although spermatogenesis appears to progress to the round spermatid stage, elongated spermatids are rarely found in the seminiferous tubules and epididymis
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• males are completely infertile
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cellular
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• outer dense fiber aberrations are observed in the principal piece
|
|
|
• although formation of the head-to-tail coupling apparatus (HTCA) is normal, condensed spermatids and epididymal spermatozoa exhibit a diminished attachment site with obvious detachment of the lateral parts of the basal plate from the nuclear membrane, suggesting that tightening of the sperm head-to-tail anchorage is affected
|
|
|
• principal piece region shows numerical and structural aberrations with disorganized or missing microtubule doublets and their accompanying outer dense fibers
• in contrast, midpiece formation is normal with a well-organized mitochondrial sheath, axoneme and outer dense fibers
|
|
|
• epididymal spermatozoa are rarely found but, if present, are misshapen
|
|
|
• as spermiogenesis proceeds, spermatids exhibit a severely malformed acrosome
|
|
|
• epididymal sperm exhibit a characteristic malformed, globular head
|
|
|
• spermatid nuclei do not properly elongate and remain spherical with a malformed acrosome
• although nuclear condensation is observed, reshaping and final nuclear compaction do not occur
|
|
|
• round spermatids appear normal with a properly developed acrosome; however, as spermiogenesis proceeds spermatids lack a distinct manchette and show severe malformation of the nucleus and the acrosome
• elongated spermatids are rarely found in the testis and epididymis
|
|
|
• manchettes are malformed and frequently detached indicating impaired linkage of the manchette to the spermatid nucleus
• however, manchette microtubules are acetylated indicating the presence of stable microtubules and a sperm tail develops at the posterior pole of the nucleus similar to wild-type cells
|
|
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• spermatid manchette is frequently detached from the nuclear envelope
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