Analysis Tools
cellular
 |
• delayed sperm migration through female reproductive tract
|
|
|
• rigidity from the midpiece to midway down the principal piece of spermatozoa
• after 90-minute incubation under capacitating conditions, spermatozoa beat only at the very distal end of their flagellum
• spermatozoa remain bent in the anti-hook direction
• rigidity of sperm proximal tail constrains its motion to that of a propeller-driven rod
|
reproductive system
|
|
• the latency from pair formation to birth of offspring from null males was more than 10 days compared to that from wild-type or heterozygous males
• 8 hours after coitus, no sperm was found in the cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) when mated with null males
• unlike with heterozygous male matings, 2-cell eggs were not observed over time in null male matings
• rheotactic ability significantly reduced: most spermatozoa were unable reorient to swim against the flow in vitro
• spermatozoa cannot fertilize cumulus-intact oocytes
• IVF with ejaculated spermatozoa flushed from the uterus of mated females results in 20% of oocytes developing into two-cell embryos versus 50% for epididymal sperm
|
|
|
• delayed sperm migration through female reproductive tract
|
|
|
• rigidity from the midpiece to midway down the principal piece of spermatozoa
• after 90-minute incubation under capacitating conditions, spermatozoa beat only at the very distal end of their flagellum
• spermatozoa remain bent in the anti-hook direction
• rigidity of sperm proximal tail constrains its motion to that of a propeller-driven rod
|
|
|
• in crosses between wild-type or heterozygous females and knockout males
• in crosses between wild-type or heterozygous males and knockout females
|
|
|
• 20% of males were completely infertile over 6 months
|
|
|
• 20% of males were completely infertile over 6 months
|
