Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• no viable embryos are found beyond E14.5
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• the percentage of live embryos diminishes from E10.5 through E12.5 with no viable embryos found beyond E14.5
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embryo
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• blood vessels beneath the chorionic plate appear partially occluded and filled with enucleated blood cells
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• 40% of embryos are still in the pre-somite stage at E8.5-E9.0
• at E9.5, control embryos have turned while mutant embryos possess an E8.5 phenotype despite the presence of chorioallantoic fusion
• surviving embryos between E10.5 and E12.5 lag in development by 1.0-1.5 days
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• giant cell zone of E10.5-E12.5 is visibly smaller
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• chorionic plate appears flat at E8.0
• at E10, the chorioallantoic interface shows signs of interdigitation with the allantoic mesodermbut does not progress to the complete formation of branched structures
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• the decidua is visibly smaller around E12.5 embryos
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• differentiation of chorionic trophoblasts to syncytiotrophoblasts is delayed in E8.5 embryos leading to defects in labyrinth structure
• chorionic trophoblasts have lower rates of proliferation than controls
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• spongiotrophoblast layer is visibly smaller in E10.5-E12.5 embryos
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• is disproportionately decreased, showing reduced branching complexity and a loss of structural organization
• vessel density and the surface area between the maternal and fetal blood spaces are extensively reduced
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• placenta of E10.5-E12.5 are visibly smaller
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• E10.5-E12.5 embryos have pale yolk sacs
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growth/size/body
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• 40% of embryos are still in the pre-somite stage at E8.5-E9.0
• at E9.5, control embryos have turned while mutant embryos possess an E8.5 phenotype despite the presence of chorioallantoic fusion
• surviving embryos between E10.5 and E12.5 lag in development by 1.0-1.5 days
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reproductive system
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• the decidua is visibly smaller around E12.5 embryos
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cardiovascular system
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• blood vessels beneath the chorionic plate appear partially occluded and filled with enucleated blood cells
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