Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• mice die at 5-7 months of age, due to fixed joints from bone and cartilage hyperplasia
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digestive/alimentary system
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• homozygotes develop rectal prolapse with tubular adenoma of the rectal mucosa
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limbs/digits/tail
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• mutants develop ulcerations of the footpad
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skeleton
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• homozygotes develop bone hyperplasia leading to fixed joints causing premature death
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• homozygotes develop cartilage hyperplasia leading to fixed joints causing premature death
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respiratory system
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• in homozygous lungs, alveolar septal thickening with hyperplasia of the alveolar epithelium is observed
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neoplasm
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• homozygotes are susceptible to carcinogen induced formation of melanoma; all mutant mice develop melanomas 12 weeks after DMBA and TPA
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• hoozygotes develop papillomas on the ear carrying an ear tag suggesting wounding in combination with the mutations causes formation of tumors; tags are attached at 3-5 weeks of age and papillomas develop within 2 months
• with low incidence papillomas develop on bare skin, typically on the eyelids or footpads of homozygotes
• with tumor promotion by DMBA or TPA, 50% of homozygotes develop papillomas within 2 weeks of treatment, compared to wild-type treated mice which develop papillomas usually after 10 weeks of treatment
• number of papillomas increases to 10 per mouse until 7 weeks after onset of gefitinib treatment
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• mice develop tubular adenoma of the mucosa with low grade dysplasia and focal transition to well-differentiated adenocarcinoma
• homozygotes show a high incidence of tubular adenoma of gastic mucosa
• occasionally mice develop apparent nodular broncheoalveolar adenoma
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• in perineal epidermis squamous cell carcinomas characterized by focal invasion of proliferating keratinocytes
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vision/eye
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• most homozygotes show a 5-10 day delay in eyelid opening, correlating with hyperproliferation of the eyelid epidermis, compared to wild-type controls
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• homozygotes are susceptible to carcinogen induced formation of melanoma; all mutant mice develop melanomas 12 weeks after DMBA and TPA
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integument
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• Background Sensitivity: hyperplasia varies in severity with mice on a mixed 129/C57BL6 showing stronger phenotype than mutants on a pure C57BL/6 or CD-1 background which display a weaker skin phenotype
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flaky skin
(
J:109556
)
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• within a few days of birth, homozygotes develop a skin phenotype detected on the tail with flaky skin
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• within a few days of birth, homozygotes develop a skin phenotype detected on the tail with ulcerations of the tail
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• hoozygotes develop papillomas on the ear carrying an ear tag suggesting wounding in combination with the mutations causes formation of tumors; tags are attached at 3-5 weeks of age and papillomas develop within 2 months
• with low incidence papillomas develop on bare skin, typically on the eyelids or footpads of homozygotes
• with tumor promotion by DMBA or TPA, 50% of homozygotes develop papillomas within 2 weeks of treatment, compared to wild-type treated mice which develop papillomas usually after 10 weeks of treatment
• number of papillomas increases to 10 per mouse until 7 weeks after onset of gefitinib treatment
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