Analysis Tools
homeostasis/metabolism
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• at 4 weeks and 4 months of age D-aspartate levels are elevated 25- to 300 fold in the kidney, brain, adrenal glands, and ovaries but only about 2-fold in the testes
• castration does not alter D-aspartate levels in other tissues of the body and testosterone levels are similar to wild-type
• D-aspartate levels are also elevated in cerebral cortical neurons, hippocampal neurons, pinealocytes, elongated spermatids, and in several cell types where expression is usually undetectable in wild-type mice (adrenal medulla epinephrine cells, renal Bowman's capsule, renal thin limbs of the loops of Henle, and testicular Leydig cells)
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behavior/neurological
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• spend 4-fold less time autogrooming during resident-intruder aggression and elevated plus maze tests
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• increased latency of males to mount and intromit females
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reproductive system
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• severe failure of ejaculation
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• pituitary intermediate lobe, but not anterior or posterior lobe, proopiomelanocortin levels are reduced and D-aspartate levels are dramatically increased in the intermediate lobe, but only mildly increased in the anterior and posterior lobes
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growth/size/body
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• at 2, 7, and 12 months of age
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nervous system
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• pituitary intermediate lobe, but not anterior or posterior lobe, proopiomelanocortin levels are reduced and D-aspartate levels are dramatically increased in the intermediate lobe, but only mildly increased in the anterior and posterior lobes
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