reproductive system
N |
• at 4-6 months of age, no significant differences are observed in relative testis weight, average sperm count, testis architecture or spermatogenesis relative to wild-type or heterozygous males
|
|
• average seminal vesicle weight is significantly reduced at 4-6 months of age
|
|
• at 4-6 months of age, extensive areas of cells with enlarged cytoplasm are observed in the stroma, indicating a failure to transform granulosa cells into luteal tissue
|
|
• number of corpora lutea per ovary is severely reduced at 4-6 months of age
|
|
• large cystic follicles are commonly observed
|
|
• at 4-6 months of age, diestrus ovaries are significantly smaller than those in wild-type or heterozygous females
|
|
• average ovary weight is significantly reduced at 4-6 months of age
|
|
• females fail to show any evidence of successful ovulation
|
|
• % of time spent in estrus is significantly increased
|
|
• % of time spent in metestrus is significantly decreased
|
|
• % of time spent in proestrus is significantly decreased
|
|
• average estrous cycle length is doubled, resulting in significantly more time spent in estrus
|
|
• when housed singly with an age-matched C57BL/6J male mouse, only 12.5% of 8-wk-old homozygous females assessed produce a single litter of 5 pups, indicating a striking reduction in female fertility
• however, timing of vaginal opening is normal, suggesting that onset of puberty is not delayed
|
|
• when housed singly with an age-matched C57BL/6J female mouse, 8-wk-old homozygous males produce a significantly lower number of litters during a 3-month period than wild-type or heterozygous males
• however, the number of pups per litter is not significantly altered
|
homeostasis/metabolism
nervous system
|
• analysis of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) expression in the hypothalamus revealed an 89% decrease in total GnRH neuron numbers in females at 4 months of age, with a similar 84% decrease in males at 4-5 months of age
• total numbers of GnRH neurons are also significantly decreased at P1 but not at E13.5
|
|
• immunostaining of the median eminence showed a marked reduction in GnRH neuron axon density
|
|
• analysis of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) expression in the hypothalamus revealed an 89% decrease in total GnRH neuron numbers in females at 4 months of age, with a similar 84% decrease in males at 4-5 months of age
(J:168233)
• total numbers of GnRH neurons are also significantly decreased at P1 but not at E13.5
(J:168233)
|
|
• females show reduced numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons within the anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) region as well as decreased targeting to the median eminence
(J:168233)
|
growth/size/body
|
• large cystic follicles are commonly observed
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
|
• analysis of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) expression in the hypothalamus revealed an 89% decrease in total GnRH neuron numbers in females at 4 months of age, with a similar 84% decrease in males at 4-5 months of age
• total numbers of GnRH neurons are also significantly decreased at P1 but not at E13.5
|
|
• average seminal vesicle weight is significantly reduced at 4-6 months of age
|
|
• at 4-6 months of age, extensive areas of cells with enlarged cytoplasm are observed in the stroma, indicating a failure to transform granulosa cells into luteal tissue
|
|
• number of corpora lutea per ovary is severely reduced at 4-6 months of age
|
|
• large cystic follicles are commonly observed
|
|
• at 4-6 months of age, diestrus ovaries are significantly smaller than those in wild-type or heterozygous females
|
|
• average ovary weight is significantly reduced at 4-6 months of age
|
behavior/neurological
|
• only 33% of females housed with a homozygous male form a visible plug after 10 days of cohabitation
|