Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
embryo
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• the severity of extraembryonic defects correlate to each other but not to embryonic tissue defects
• tetraploid complementation derived embryos display embryonic and extraembryonic tissue defects similar to homozygous mutants
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• a short anterior-posterior axis
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• arrest by E9.0
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• failure of the definitive endoderm to undergo convergent extension during axis elongation at E8.5 to E9.0
• wide definitive endoderm
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• lateral plate mesoderm is located further away from the midline
• the lateral plate mesoderm is shorter and wider
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• somites are located further away from the midline
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• headfold failed to fuse to form a neural tube
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• neural tube failed to close normally at some location in 45%
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• complete failure to close neural tube in 55%
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• notochord was disrupted and was wider in some regions but narrower or absent in other positions
• notochord remained as part of the mesodermal layer at E8.5
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• showed condensed somites that were mediolaterally expanded and narrow in the anterior-posterior axis
• only 15% of homozygous mutants showed normal somites
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• the extraembryonic vascular plexus fails to extend throughout the yolk sac and remains restricted to the blood island region
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• fails to extend at E8.5
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• most have enlarged chorions
• in some the chorion is expanded laterally and contacts the visceral endoderm
• in some cases the chorion forms an expanded ectoplacental cavity
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• displays bubble-like protrusions at E7.5 and is noticeably ruffled at E8.5
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• expression analysis indicates defects in signaling between the visceral endoderm and extraembryonic mesoderm
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• in some areas cells are detached and in other areas cells are compressed
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• cells clump at the embryonic-extraembryonic junction in most embryos
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digestive/alimentary system
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• an open gut tube
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cardiovascular system
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• the extraembryonic vascular plexus fails to extend throughout the yolk sac and remains restricted to the blood island region
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• mesodermal precursors of the heart failed to migrate and fuse at the midline
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nervous system
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• headfold failed to fuse to form a neural tube
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• neural tube failed to close normally at some location in 45%
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• complete failure to close neural tube in 55%
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