Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• testis and epididymal histology remained normal, with no differences in testicular weight or epididymal sperm numbers relative to control mice
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• sperm from the testis or the caput epididymis displayed a defect at the midpiece-principal piece junction along with thinning of the tail diameter in this region
• retention of cytoplasmic droplets at the head and neck region of sperm was noted throughout the epididymis
• a single plasma membrane encased both the mid- and principal piece of the sperm tail due to excess cytoplasm between the mid- and principal piece
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• thinning of the tail diameter at the midpiece-principal piece junction
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• the annulus was completely absent in sperm form the cauda epididymis
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• although metabolically active, mitochondria in cauda sperm showed marked size heterogeneity with many small mitochondria of irregular appearance
• sperm mitochondria contained fewer cristae and often displayed severely reduced membrane material
• abnormally small sperm mitochondria were frequently stacked between neighbors, with some displaying fission defects
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• the region immediately following the midpiece-principal piece tail transition of cauda sperm was often devoid of the transverse ribs of the fibrous sheath; as a result, the principal piece was severely bent
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• the region immediately following the midpiece-principal piece tail transition of cauda sperm was often devoid of the transverse ribs of the fibrous sheath
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• severe bending of the tail region, typically at 180 degrees, occurred when sperm entered the corpus epididymis and 50-70% of sperm that reach the cauda epididymis displayed the severe bending of the tail region
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• sperm from the cauda epididymis showed a complete lack of motility
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• defects in the postmeiotic stages of terminal sperm differentiation, including altered mitochondrial architecture, lack of annulus, severe bending of the sperm tail, and retention of cytoplasmic droplets with intense anti-XIAP staining
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• sperm from the cauda epididymis are capacitation defective in vitro, as evidenced by no changes in tyrosine phosphorylation under capacitating conditions
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• mating of male homozygotes with fertile females produced no offpsring over a 5-8 mating period
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cellular
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• sperm from the testis or the caput epididymis displayed a defect at the midpiece-principal piece junction along with thinning of the tail diameter in this region
• retention of cytoplasmic droplets at the head and neck region of sperm was noted throughout the epididymis
• a single plasma membrane encased both the mid- and principal piece of the sperm tail due to excess cytoplasm between the mid- and principal piece
|
|
|
• thinning of the tail diameter at the midpiece-principal piece junction
|
|
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• the annulus was completely absent in sperm form the cauda epididymis
|
|
|
• although metabolically active, mitochondria in cauda sperm showed marked size heterogeneity with many small mitochondria of irregular appearance
• sperm mitochondria contained fewer cristae and often displayed severely reduced membrane material
• abnormally small sperm mitochondria were frequently stacked between neighbors, with some displaying fission defects
|
|
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• the region immediately following the midpiece-principal piece tail transition of cauda sperm was often devoid of the transverse ribs of the fibrous sheath; as a result, the principal piece was severely bent
|
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• the region immediately following the midpiece-principal piece tail transition of cauda sperm was often devoid of the transverse ribs of the fibrous sheath
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|
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• severe bending of the tail region, typically at 180 degrees, occurred when sperm entered the corpus epididymis and 50-70% of sperm that reach the cauda epididymis displayed the severe bending of the tail region
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• sperm from the cauda epididymis showed a complete lack of motility
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